Name: The Pump-Action Shotgun: A Powerful Legacy
Uploaded: 2023-05-23T08:04:26+00:00
Description: The Enduring Legacy of Pump-Action Shotguns: A Journey through Power and History

In this video, we'll journey through the powerful history of pump-action shotguns, a formidable weapon that has not only carved a niche in classic video games like "Doom," but also featured prominently in popular films, including "John Wick."

web.jpg

The pump-action shotgun, with its <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds">iconic</a> &quot;ch-chunk&quot; sound and commanding presence, has ingrained itself deeply in popular culture. From its portrayal in video games like &quot;Doom&quot; and &quot;Duke Nukem&quot; to its memorable appearances in movies such as &quot;John Wick,&quot; this shotgun&#39;s distinct mechanism and audible authority have captivated audiences for decades. Today, we embark on a journey to explore the power and history of this remarkable firearm, tracing its roots back to 1854 and delving into its evolution over time.The story begins in 1854 when the first patent for the pump-action shotgun design was filed. This invention paved the way for the development of a weapon that would leave an indelible mark on the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/video/youtuber-builds-firearm-almost-loses-fingers-in-the-process" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/video/youtuber-builds-firearm-almost-loses-fingers-in-the-process">firearms</a> industry. One notable figure in this history is John M. Browning, a renowned firearms designer who played a crucial role in shaping the destiny of the pump-action shotgun. Browning&#39;s Winchester Model 1897, introduced in the late 19th century, became an iconic representation of this firearm&#39;s capabilities and craftsmanship.As we delve further into the history, we encounter a fascinating technique known as &quot;slamfire.&quot; This method, prevalent during <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/six-dead-world-war-ii-planes-collide-mid-air" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/six-dead-world-war-ii-planes-collide-mid-air">World War I</a> trench warfare, allowed older pump-action shotguns to fire rapidly. By holding down the trigger and manually cycling the action, soldiers could discharge multiple rounds in quick succession. This technique provided a significant advantage in combat situations, making pump-action shotguns a formidable force on the battlefield.The enduring legacy of the pump-action shotgun lies not only in its mechanical prowess but also in its cultural impact. Its distinctive sound, synonymous with power and authority, has become deeply embedded in our collective consciousness. The pump-action shotgun represents more than just a tool; it embodies a sense of ruggedness, reliability, and timeless appeal that continues to captivate enthusiasts and professionals alike.As we conclude our exploration of the pump-action shotgun, we invite you to immerse yourself in this intricate world. Take a moment to appreciate the craftsmanship behind these firearms, the technical ingenuity that has propelled them forward, and the countless stories they have played a part in. The pump-action shotgun stands as a testament to the enduring power of innovation and the remarkable legacy of firearms that have left an indelible mark on our history and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture">culture</a> .

The Enduring Legacy of Pump-Action Shotguns: A Journey through Power and History

The Pump-Action Shotgun: A Powerful Legacy

Simple and very effective: How pump action shot guns work?

Combat Tech video series, we explain how and why war technologies develop chronologically. We are looking for the answer to the question of what kind of an improvement caused a counter-development.

Combat Tech Videos | Interesting Engineering Original Videos

These 5 deadly ICBMs could turn the world into a real-life version of 'Thanos' snap, so hold onto your seats!

fsd.jpeg

Ballistic missiles are long-range missiles that are guided during their ascent but follow a ballistic trajectory during the middle part of their flight before re-entering the Earth&#39;s atmosphere to strike their intended target. They can be armed with conventional or nuclear warheads and have been used as strategic weapons by various nations throughout history. Among these mighty weapons, five are considered the most potent of all, the “Trident II,” RS-24 “Yars,” LGM-30G “Minuteman III,” Dongfeng-41, and RS-28 “Sarmat.”These intercontinental ballistic missiles were developed by different countries and are considered some of the most effective and destructive weapons. But what do you know about them? Let’s have a look at them in turn. The “Trident II,” also known as the “Trident D5,” is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) used by the United States and the United Kingdom. It is carried on Ohio-class submarines and can deliver multiple nuclear warheads over a distance of up to 12,000 kilometers. The “Trident II” has been in service since 1990 and has undergone upgrades to improve its accuracy and range. It is considered one of the most powerful and reliable ballistic missiles in the world and serves as a key element of the US and UK&#39;s nuclear deterrence strategy. The US Navy Strategic Systems Programs and the UK&#39;s Royal Navy operate the “Trident II.”The RS-24 “Yars” is a Russian intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) that was first introduced into service in 2010. It is designed to replace the older Topol-M rocket and can be launched from silos and mobile launchers. The RS-24 “Yars” can carry multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) with nuclear warheads and range around 11,000 kilometers. It is considered one of Russia&#39;s most advanced ICBMs and plays a key role in its nuclear deterrence strategy. The RS-24 “Yars” is operated by the Russian Strategic Missile Troops and is one of several ballistic missiles in Russia&#39;s nuclear arsenal.The LGM-30G “Minuteman III” is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) used by the United States Air Force. It is the only land-based ICBM currently in service in the US and can deliver multiple nuclear warheads. The “Minuteman III” has been in service since 1970 and has undergone upgrades to improve its accuracy, reliability, and range. It has a range of up to 13,000 kilometers and is stored in underground silos across several US states. “Minuteman III” plays a key role in the US nuclear deterrence strategy and is operated by the US Air Force Global Strike Command.The Dongfeng-41 is a Chinese intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) that was first publicly displayed in 2015. It is one of the most powerful ICBMs in the world, with a reported range of over 12,000 kilometers and the ability to carry up to ten nuclear warheads. The Dongfeng-41 is considered road-mobile, making it more challenging to locate and target in a potential conflict. The Dongfeng-41 is operated by the People&#39;s Liberation Army Rocket Force.The RS-28 “Sarmat” is a Russian intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) currently being developed and is expected to replace the older R-36M2 “Voyevoda” missile. The “Sarmat” is designed to be one of the most powerful and advanced ICBMs in the world, with a range of around 18,000 kilometers and the ability to carry multiple nuclear warheads. It is also believed to be capable of evading missile defense systems.While these missiles have some similarities, they are all distinct regarding their origin, deployment, and capabilities.

These five bad boys could turn the world into a real-life version of 'Thanos' snap, so hold onto your seats!

Top 5 Most Deadly ICBMs: From 'Mad Max' to 'Fallout', these missiles will blow your mind!

5 ICBMs that could end the world: A look at the most deadly missiles in existence

We looked for ways to put insanely powerful engines in our cars when we first started building them. And when we figured out how to build flying machines, we really pushed the envelope.

How Fast is SR-71.png

Developed at the height of the “Cold War,” the Lockheed SR-71 “Blackbird” would quickly become a legend of aviation in its own lifetime. Painted jet black, this aircraft combined good looks and superb performance to make it one of the finest pieces of engineering ever developed. A long-range, high-altitude, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft, the Lockheed SR-71 &quot;Blackbird&quot; is designed and produced by the American aerospace firm Lockheed Corporation. It was run by NASA and the United States Air Force (USAF).In the 1960s, Lockheed&#39;s Skunk Works branch transformed the Lockheed A-12 reconnaissance aircraft into the SR-71 as a secret project. The SR-71&#39;s form was inspired by the A-12, one of the first aircraft to be built with a smaller radar cross-section. The SR-71 is longer and heavier than the A-12, allowing it to contain additional fuel and a two-seat cockpit. Mission equipment for the reconnaissance duty included signals intelligence sensors, side-looking airborne radar, and a camera.Able to fly at over 2,000 miles per hour (Mach 3) at altitudes of over 85,000 feet, the SR-71 was primarily used for reconnaissance missions and flew many successful missions during its operational period. Due to its high speed and altitude capabilities, it could evade enemy radar and interceptors. It was a highly advanced aircraft for its time and was the fastest manned aircraft in the world until its retirement.She entered service in January 1966, and would continue to provide unparalleled reconnaissance abilities for the United States until 1998. The SR-71 was an important aircraft for several reasons. One of its key strengths was its speed and altitude capabilities, which allowed it to evade enemy radar and interceptors, making it an ideal reconnaissance aircraft. Its high speed and altitude made it difficult for an enemy to shoot it down.Its unique design, composed of titanium and other high-temperature materials, also enabled it to fly at high speeds without overheating.Furthermore, its reconnaissance capabilities were exceptional; it carried a range of sensors and cameras that could take high-resolution images of large land areas. This provided valuable intelligence during the Cold War, especially in countries closed off to other forms of reconnaissance, such as the Soviet Union.It was also the fastest manned aircraft in the world until its retirement and symbolized American technological superiority during the Cold War.All in all, 32 aircraft were produced; 12 were lost in accidents, and none were destroyed by enemy action. The USAF primarily decommissioned the SR-71 in 1989 due to political considerations; a few were briefly resurrected in the 1990s before its second decommissioning in 1998. The Blackbird&#39;s ultimate user, NASA, scrapped it in 1999 after using it as a research platform. A combination of surveillance satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have filled the SR-71&#39;s mission since it was retired. A potential UAV replacement, the SR-72, is being developed by Lockheed Martin and is expected to launch in 2025. As of 2022, the SR-71 holds the fastest air-breathing piloted aircraft, formerly held by the related Lockheed YF-12. This record was set in 1976.But, most importantly, this incredible aircraft has won the hearts and minds of millions of aircraft enthusiasts worldwide. It is one of the only aircraft few would question being called a “legend” of the skies.

We humans are obsessed with speed. We bred the fastest horse when we first started riding. We looked for ways to put insanely powerful engines in our cars when we first started building them.

What made the SR-71 Blackbird the world's fastest jet?

How fast is SR-71 blackbird?

The Thompson submachine gun, also known as the "Tommy Gun," is a historical firearm with an interesting and lengthy history.

Tommy Gun.jpg

More commonly known as the “Tommy Gun,” the Thompson submachine gun was developed in the late 1910s and early 1920s by John T. Thompson. Made famous for its use by gangsters and law enforcement during the 1920s and 1930s, it was more important (historically speaking) for its use by military forces during World War II. The Thompson gun was known for its high rate of fire, portability, and large .45 caliber bullet. It was also considered a powerful weapon, as it could fire up to 600 rounds per minute. Another major feature was its use of a drum magazine that could hold around 50 rounds. It can also be loaded with a 20-round conventional magazine. It is also widely recognized for its iconic role in many gangster movies and TV series.Also nicknamed the &quot;Chicago Typewriter,&quot; &quot;Chicago Piano,&quot; &quot;Trench Sweeper,&quot; or &quot;Trench Broom,&quot; the gun was first developed by American Army Brigadier General John T. Thompson in 1918.It has a blowback mechanism, an air cooling system, and a magazine-fed selective fire capability. The “Tommy Gun” was initially intended to halt the trench combat during World Conflict I, but it was only completed once the war was over.The Auto-Ordnance Corporation hired the Colt Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in Hartford, Connecticut, to produce the inaugural mass production of 15,000 Thompson Submachine Guns in 1920. Auto-Ordnance and Savage Arms produced over 1,700,000 Thompson submachine guns for WWII, of which 1,387,134 were the more straightforward M1 and M1A1 versions (without the Blish lock and oiling system).The FBI, the Irish Republican Army, the Republic of China, the United States Postal Inspection Service, and the United States Marine Corps all used the Thompson in its early stages during the Banana Wars (following the Kansas City Massacre).But, its legacy would be cemented when the general public was also sold the firearm.For example, the Thompson gained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the go-to firearm for numerous organized crime syndicates in the United States in the 1920s because it was so simple to obtain. Both law enforcement officials and criminals employed it at the time, and it was a familiar sight in the media.The American armed forces widely adopted the Thompson during World War II, and other Allied armies also heavily used it during the conflict. The M1928A1, M1, and M1A1 were its three primary models at the time. During World War II, more than 1.5 million Thompson submachine guns were created. It was also the first firearm to bear the term &quot;submachine gun&quot; and be sold as such.Although the original selective-fire Thompson variants are no longer manufactured, Auto-Ordnance makes many semi-automatic civilian versions. Although they have undergone several modifications to comply with US weapon restrictions, these models resemble the original models in terms of look.Today, partly due to its infamy, Thompsons are prized as collectibles because of their excellence, craftsmanship, and ties to the gangster era and World War II.Depending on condition and extras, a genuine Colt Model 1921 A or AC, Model 1927 A or AC, or Model 1928 Navy A or AC, correctly registered in functional order with original components, can easily bring from $25,000 to more than $45,000. For example, on January 21, 2012, a Model 1921A, thought to have belonged to Bonnie and Clyde, sold at auction in Kansas City for $130,000 without supporting historical records.The “Tommy Gun” is no longer in widespread use today as it has since been largely replaced by more modern firearms. But, some police and military units may still use the “Tommy Gun” in specialized roles.

The Thompson Gun: From Gangland Weapon to Military Icon

The Thompson Gun: From gangland weapon to military icon

In this video, we will be taking a look at Little David, Tsar Cannon, Paris Gun, Schwerer-Gustav, and Project Babylon – five of the largest and most powerful guns ever made.

Untitled-1 (1).png

Gunpowder is one of the few inventions in human history that has impacted many human lives throughout the ages. It has the power to both fascinate and intimate all who experience its potency. While it can be used for the benign or good, like fireworks, it can, and has, been used to end so many lives prematurely over centuries. The pinnacle of the evolution of its use is, of course, modern-day artillery. So, how did we get from fancy fireworks to the death-from-the-sky devastation of artillery pieces? Let’s take a quick tour of history. Artillery, or large-caliber guns for military purposes, has a long history dating back to ancient China, where crude &quot;fire lances&quot; were used in warfare as early as the 9th century. The advent of modern artillery, however, is generally considered to have occurred during the Renaissance with the invention of the &quot;muzzle-loading&quot; cannon. And such weapons were used to great effect by the likes of the Ottomans under Sultan Fatih Mehmed II. European nations would also see its potential, accelerating their adoption and technological development over the coming centuries. This type of artillery, loaded from the front end of the barrel rather than the back, allowed for greater accuracy and range and was widely used in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries.During the 18th and 19th centuries, advancements in metallurgy and manufacturing techniques led to the developing of more robust, durable artillery pieces. Rifled barrels, which had spiral grooves inside the barrel that imparted a spinning motion to the projectile, greatly increased the accuracy and range of artillery. The introduction of breech-loading artillery in the mid-19th century further improved the efficiency and speed of firing. Around this time, more stable and smokeless explosives were also developed, ultimately replacing gunpowder as the main propellant. During World War I, artillery played a major role in the trench warfare that characterized the conflict. The use of heavy artillery and long-range guns, along with innovations such as poison gas and tanks, led to devastating casualties on both sides.In the interwar period and World War II, artillery continued to evolve with the development of new technologies such as radar and proximity fuses. Self-propelled artillery, which combined the gun and its mobility into one vehicle, became increasingly important.After World War II, artillery continued to evolve with the development of new technologies such as guided missiles and precision-guided munitions. Electronic systems for fire control and navigation have also become more advanced.In recent years, artillery systems have become more compact and mobile, and many systems now use GPS and inertial navigation systems to provide accurate targeting. Additionally, the use of artillery in urban warfare has led to the development of new systems specifically designed for use in built-up areas.Modern pieces would be completely alien to military commanders from even a hundred years ago, but their basic principle is, more or less, unchanged. But, quite what artillery would look like in the future is anyone’s guess. Who knows, projectiles launched by explosions will be seen as antiquated as the trebuchets or bows are to us today. We can but only imagine.

In this video, we will be taking a look at Little David, Tsar Cannon, Paris Gun, Schwerer-Gustav, and Project Babylon

From Fireworks to Artillery: The Evolution of Giant Guns

From fireworks to artillery: The evolution of giant guns

FGM-148 Javelin is a fire and forget missile capable of guiding itself to the most vulnerable region of a tank.

cdc.png

Tanks are generally considered as a symbol of great firepower in battles. In a war between two parties, the side which presents more tank units on the battlefield is usually seen as the one with the upper hand. After all, tanks really come in huge sizes with destructive blows that would at least intimidate those on the other side. Having a tank on your side, however, doesn’t necessarily mean that victory is already secured. Yes, it does provide a huge advantage but just like with all other things in the world, these huge battle tanks also have a breaking point or a weakness.The battle situation as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine showed many tanks of various models under Russia’s command. Most of these tanks are of the T-72 model, which was originally introduced in 1973, under upgraded models making the T-72B3 and T-72B3M variants, third-generation tanks.However, around 1,450 Russian tanks were lost in battle with around 900 damaged or destroyed according to a warfare research group. Now the question is: how could such metal giants be defeated in the field? The answer is the FGM-148 Javelin.The javelin is a portable, antitank device usually operated by a single soldier in the battlefield. This weapon can eject missiles that can be used to target the tanks in either a direct or top trajectory mode. The key to the Javelin winning against tanks is by targeting the tank’s weakness. The T-72 tanks have weak armor on top of the turret which can be hit using direct trajectory. On another note, the top trajectory of the Javelin can strike the tin top armor of the tanks. Furthermore, the Javelin uses a 5.0” (127 millimeter) shaped charge warhead that could easily damage the top armor of the tank.To counter the tank&#39;s weakness, Russian tanks used SLAT or cage armor to protect the vulnerable parts of the unit from being hit by the Javelin. Nevertheless, the Ukrainian artillery weapon managed to defeat the Russian tanks because the Javelin has a tandem charge warhead that can knock out local ERA stones, so the main warhead can still hit the tank.This explains how the Ukrainian infantry managed to damage several Russian tank units. It&#39;s even said to be the biggest tank slaughter in Europe the second World War II. A US official also stated that half of Russia’s main battle tanks were lost in the battle. Being able to damage a large number of huge battle beasts just shows to be the reason why Ukraine wants more javelin missiles and is indeed a good tactic in battle.

This weapon enables a single soldier to move around the battlefield enabling guerrilla warfare tactics to be used against an invading army.

Javelin vs T-72 | Why Ukraine Wants More Javelin Missiles?

Javelin vs T-72 | Why Ukraine wants more Javelin missiles?

Both guns made their debut in 1997. (Golden Eye 007 for AK-47 and Tomb Raider II for M16)
And since then, if one of them is in a game, the other is almost certain to be found there too.

SNAPCHAT.png

From video games to movie flicks, these action-packed and military or battle-inspired forms of entertainment feature either one of the most recognized weapons or even both. The M-16 and AK-47 are two weapons that can be easily distinguished by enthusiasts and more often than not, comparisons are made between which of the two is the better weapon.Scenes from the original Predator film feature action star Arnold Schwarzenegger on fire using an M16. The same weapon was also featured in the 1983 movie Scarface, with Al Pacino’s character, Tony Montana saying the line: “ Say hello to my little friend” while blasting some enemies down. Meanwhile, films that feature the AK-47 include Lord of War in 2005 with Nicholas Cage and Tarantino’s  Jackie Brown in 1997 with Samuel L. Jackson’s character quickly recognizing the iconic weapon on television. Aside from being featured on the silver screen, the two weapons also made their way into video games. Of course, we are all familiar with those combat and battle games available on different devices and game consoles that feature both weapons but it was in 1997 when both guns made their first appearances in video games. The M-16 first appeared in Tomb Raider II  while the AK-47 debuted in Golden Eye 007.Through time, many variations have been made to these two weapons but they also have a lot of similarities. Both weapons were actually invented by great weaponsmiths in history. Alexander Kalashnikov is the brain behind the AK-47 and while the M-16 was made by Eugene Morrison Stoner. These two weapons can actually be seen as two brothers from different fathers. In terms of gun mechanism, the AK-47 is air-cooled, long-stroke piston gas-operated with a rotating bolt. Meanwhile, the M-16 is also air-cooled but direct impingement gas-operated, with a rotating bolt and straight-line recoil design. Both guns have their own pros and cons which may vary according to user preferences.The range of the M-16 is generally said to be better and more accurate than that of the AK-47. However, when it comes to cost, AK-47  was designed to be an inexpensive but dependable weapon with approximately 75 million units produced during the Cold War in comparison to the total worldwide production of M-16s amounting to approximately 8 million units.  Still, it is undeniable that both weapons are equally deadly and of course, the easiest-to-recognize weapon duo in the industry. Regardless if you already experienced using these weapons in real life or observed them in films or games, which of the two do you think is the best?

Both guns made their debut in 1997. (Golden Eye 007 for AK-47 and Tomb Raider II for M16)

M16 vs AK-47: Which One Would You Pick?

M16 vs AK-47: Which one would you pick?

The Iron Beam system, a prototype of which was unveiled last year, uses lasers to super-heat and disable aerial threats.
This is a battle between low-tech and high-tech.

iron dome.png

Any action or battle-themed movie fans definitely know the importance of a shield in combat. Shields are mainly used to defend oneself from attacks and they can also be used in making an offense in battle. From war shields just like the ones seen in the epic battle of Helm’s deep in the Lord of the Rings to Captain America’s infamous vibranium shield, this piece of armor is indeed an essential battle gear.While most of the examples mentioned are from fictional films, shields were also present throughout the different events that have occurred in our history. Some shields were even kept in museums for safekeeping. They also come in different shapes and forms. Some shields that we have today are so unique that don’t necessarily adhere to characteristics of the standard armor piece. They can be somehow invisible and protect such a large area from offenses.  How is this possible? Is it magic or a force field like in sci-fi flicks? The answer is the Iron Dome.The Iron Dome is Israel’s air and missile defense platform that can detect and intercept rockets and artillery within a 43.4-mile (70km) range. Think of it like a shield being used to block arrows except that it is with enemy rockets and an invisible shield that covers a huge surface area. This platform was developed by Israel’s Rafael and commissioned by the government. They are mainly used in intercepting the Qassam missiles fired at Israel. Around 4,369 missiles were filed toward Israel and yet the Iron Dome was able to maintain its 90% interception rate, making it an effective shield against the projectiles. The Qassam missiles being used to target Israel are locally produced at a low cost. These rockets have no guidance systems and are inaccurate, requiring multiple rockets to be launched simultaneously toward a general location. Regardless of the cost and production, the Qassam missiles are still able to cause distress to Israeli citizens aside from the possibility of causing actual physical harm. On the other hand, the Iron Dome is one of the best air defense systems in the world. The production and operation costs are relatively high compared to Qassam missiles. Each battery in the Iron dome is estimated to cost $50 million and uses Tamir missiles which are estimated to cost around a minimum of $40,000 but can go as high as around $163,000.The Iron Dome became Israel’s shield from Qassam missiles as well as from any other possible aerial attacks. The discrepancy between the operating costs of the Iron Dome and the low-cost missile attacks calls for innovative solutions to be integrated into the air defense system. Nevertheless, this invisible shield is powerful enough to protect the citizens from harm and is the most important aspect of having this shield.

The Iron Beam system, a prototype of which was unveiled last year, uses lasers to super-heat and disable aerial threats.

This is a battle between low-tech and high-tech.

How Iron Dome defends Israel?

Despite the initial Sherman's flaws, it underwent a number of upgrades and developed into an extremely dangerous foe to Tiger I.

Untitled-1.png

This is a tale of two iconic battle tanks that fiercely faced each other in World War II. Both of them devoured enemy forces and demonstrated unmatchable strength.It all began in 1942 when the Germans started deploying Panzerkampfwagen VI a.k.a Tiger I at the Eastern Front, Western Front, and in North Africa during World War II. Tiger I was no ordinary tank, it was a beast with an almost impregnable nickel-steel plate armor. On June 13, 1944, German tank commander Michael Wittman conducted the most ruthless tank operation in World War history. In the Battle of Villers-Bocage, he and his Tiger I turned an entire fleet of 25 enemy tanks, 14 half-tracks, and 14 bren-gun carriers into dust. With its savage 88mm KwK 36 top gun, Tiger 1 could shoot down targets even from a distance of 1400 meters (4600 ft). Rounds fired from this mighty anti-tank gun were powerful enough to pierce armors as thick as 112 mm. So if enemy tanks were komodo dragons, Tiger I’s main gun alone was an anaconda  Tiger tanks caused a lot of damage to the army units of allied powers, and now it was not just a battle between miliaries. These war machines highlighted the strength and caliber of German engineers before the world. Tiger I was not a tank but an open challenge to all the smart defense engineers working on the side of the allies. They needed a hunter to catch the Tiger and the hunter came in the form of an M-4 Sherman, the famous American tank that eventually leveled the playing field. It was a fast-moving military vehicle that offered state-of-the-art transmission, engine performance, and controllability. There was a time when the US was manufacturing 40 Shermans in response to every Tiger I being deployed by the Axis powers. This is because, unlike Sherman, Tiger I was an expensive and high-maintenance tank. The manufacturers had to provide a detailed manual called “Tigerfibel”, just to keep soldiers aware of the tank’s labor-intensive and complex maintenance operations. However, despite being large in numbers, Shermans couldn’t stand before the Tigers in their very first faceoffs. Shermans and their 75 mm main guns failed to damage their enemy’s nicker-steel armor, and when Tigers responded with their 88 mm death weapon, the men operating M-4s were helpless.This was the beginning of probably the biggest tank rivalry in human history.Although the first round went to Tiger-1, it revealed various weaknesses of the German tank before the Americans. They realized that, unlike a Sherman, a Tiger 1 carried a lot of weight as armor. Plus, their overlapping wheel design if tampered could become an unsolvable problem on the field. They also improved Sherman’s range and performance, replaced its 75 mm gun with a 76.2 mm Tiger I destroyer, and provided the tank armor that didn’t come in the way of its speed and maneuverability. Sherman was all set to annihilate Tiger I and the rounds after the first one, probably have gone in the favor of the American tank. That’s what the victory of the allies over the axis powers tells us. However, when it comes to comparing the engineering behind Sherman and Tiger-1. It’s still difficult to judge which one is better. Both tanks served their sides well and filled the hearts of their enemies with horror and shock, but above all, they were one of the most fearsome engineering marvels of the 20th century.

How Did Shermans Defeat the Superior Tiger I?

How did shermans defeat the superior Tiger I?

The Superforts that had terrorized Tokyo in 1945 were such sitting ducks in 1950 that they had to switch to night bombing missions where the MiG-15 was much less deadly.

CTVV.png

The first jet vs. jet dogfight in history broke out between America and North Korea during the first ‘small war’ after World War I – the Korean War in 1950. Resembling the propeller plane dogfights of World War 1, these jets took the air battle to a new level. The best American jet at the time was the straight-wing F-80, while the Koreans went into battle with the much faster MiG-15.Used to always bringing the best toys to the party, the Americans were shocked to discover the Koreans’ MiG-15. They were fast, maneuverable, light, and heavily armed.The MiG-15 downed fighters and bombers in massive numbers, flipping the scales on an otherwise U.N. Air Forces-controlled airspace. Then entered the American F-86 Sabre into the ring. This jet was razor-sharp! It could dive faster than its opponents but still couldn’t fly as high, climb as fast, or maneuver as agilely as the Soviet-made opponent. It was, however, more aerodynamic, had a radar gunsight, and fired much lighter shells at a higher rate than the MiG-15. However, there was a downside to these lighter shells – they didn’t pack as great a punch and so inflicted less damage on enemy planes. In the high-speed dogfights over MiG-Alley, the Communist pilots found it difficult to hit the aerodynamic F-86s. But on December 20th, after the North Korean and Soviet pilots lost six MiGs in combat, the first F-86 Sabre was shot down by a MiG-15. The U.N. forces assumed the MiGs were being flown by experienced pilots who had fought in World War II and it was, in fact, later admitted that most of the early MiG-15s dogfighting in the Korean War had been Soviet pilots. Interestingly, Chinese and Soviet MiGs were marked with the North Korean insignia, and pilots wore North Korean uniforms and tried to speak Korean during radio contacts.As it was so hard to know which nationality of the pilot in the MiG seat, U.S. Sabre pilots nick-named them “Honchos” – Japanese for “boss” or “squad leader.”So, how did these jets’ stats actually add up? A recent RAND report that the F-86 kill-to-loss ratio was 1.8:1 overall and 1.3:1 against MiGs flown by Soviet pilots. The numbers for the jets flown by Chinese or Korean pilots were much different. 12-1 in favor of the American F-86 Sabres! That’s quite the difference! 41 of the pilots who achieved the status of “ace” during the Korean War, all but one flew an F-86 Sabre. Now that’s impressive, indeed!

The Korean War was the first of the small wars that dragged the American flag through Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq after 1945.

The technological protagonists were different, yet curiously well-matched.

F-86 vs. Mig 15: The knights of the Korean skies

The Hellcat carried six .50 cal Browning machine-guns and could also carry up to 2,000lb of bombs.

1.jpg

At the start of World War II, the Mitsubishi A6M Zero was one of the most advanced and capable fighters. Designed and built largely in secret, it was an unknown package for the Allied Forces at the start of the war. When it came out at the start of World War II, the Zero was thought to be the best carrier-based fighter in the world because of how well it could turn and how far it could fly. The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) used it a lot as a fighter based on land too.Powered by a Nakajima NK1C Sakae-12 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, it could reach speeds of up to 331 mph (533 kph). It was also heavily armed, with two 7.7mm Type 97 machine guns above the nose and two 20mm Type 99-1 Mk3 cannons in its wings. Most Allied aircraft at the time were only equipped with machine guns. The Zero had a service ceiling of 33,000 feet (10,000 meters) and an enormous range of 1,160 miles (1,870 km). Its range is one of the Zero’s secret weapons, as it was almost unheard of for a single-seat fighter of the day. This would later prove a tactical and psychological advantage as the aircraft could pop out of nowhere. This would make the Allies think that the Japanese Imperial Navy either had more carriers than they knew about or had information about where the American fleet was.Early in the war, the Zero gained a reputation as a great dogfighter, with a kill-to-loss ratio of 12 to 1 by the middle of 1942. But the Allies in the Pacific Theater came up with new plans and methods to deal with this threat. One such adaptation was the introduction of the American Grumman F6F Hellcat. A dedicated carrier-based fighter aircraft, the Grumman F6F Hellcat, was made to replace the aging F4F Wildcat and respond in kind to the Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero. During the second half of the Pacific War, it was the most common fighter plane in the US Navy. It got the job because it was faster than its rival, the Vought F4U Corsair, which at first had trouble seeing and landing on carriers.The F6F Hellcat was a completely new design, but it looked like the Wildcat in many ways. It was powered by a 2,000-horsepower (1,500 kW) Pratt &amp; Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp, the same engine used for both the Corsair and the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters.At was Also heavily armed with six 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns in its wings but could also swap out two machine guns for 20 mm AN/M2 cannons. The Hellcat had a service ceiling of 37,300 feet (11,400 meters) and a range of 1,945 miles (1,521 km).The F6F first went into battle in September 1943. The thing that people remember most about it is that it was better than the A6M Zero and helped set up air superiority over the Pacific Theater. It was a tough, well-designed carrier fighter. 12,275 units were delivered to the US Navy in just over two years. While in service with the American Navy, American Marine Corps, and Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm, Hellcats are credited with shooting down 5,223 enemy aircraft. That accounted for 75% of all air-to-air kills during the war. That was a kill-to-loss ratio of about 19 to 1. From an air superiority point of view, the Hellcat was the best plane based on paper comparisons and actual combat effectiveness. But it should be noted that the Japanese Navy took heavy losses in battles like the Battle of Midway, losing many highly skilled pilots and carriers. After this, the Zero was tasked mainly with suicide kamikaze attacks using poorly trained pilots. For the Zero, the end was unavoidable. After the war, both the Zero and the Hellcat were phased out of front-line service for both Navies (completely and entirely for the Japanese after their surrender), but F6F-5Ns with radar were still used as night fighters in 1954.

It had the largest wings of any fighter in the Second World War, with a total area of 334 square feet which could be folded away.

Hellcat vs. Zero: Which one is more lethal?

Season 1

Western allies are considering supplying Ukraine's Air Force with the Jas 39 Gripen or the F-16 Fighting Falcon so that Ukraine can achieve air superiority at the upcoming critical juncture.

F-16.jpg

In the face of Russia&#39;s invasion, Ukraine&#39;s air force has displayed impressive resilience and adaptability, nearly a year since the conflict began. However, the limitations of Ukraine&#39;s aging fleet of MiG-29 and Su-27 fighters are becoming increasingly apparent as they contend with modernized <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ukraine-footage-of-artillery-attacks" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ukraine-footage-of-artillery-attacks">Russian aircraft</a>  such as the Su-30SM, Su-35S, and MiG-31BM. To effectively counter this threat and ensure the country&#39;s defensive capabilities, <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/poland-could-supply-ukraine-with-f-16s" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/poland-could-supply-ukraine-with-f-16s">Ukraine</a> is in need of modern Western jets that can serve both offensive and defensive purposes. Among the viable options, two cost-efficient choices are the US F-16 Fighting Falcon and Sweden&#39;s Saab JAS 39 Gripen-C.The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a widely-used aircraft with a proven track record of combat capabilities. One of its notable strengths is its effectiveness as a Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) platform. This is due to its advanced avionics, weapons compatibility, and multirole capabilities. The F-16 is equipped with anti-radiation missiles such as the AGM-88 HARM and AARGM, which allow it to locate, identify, and engage enemy air defense systems. This capability is crucial in neutralizing threats posed by modern <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/russian-media-report-contradicts-the-deployment-of-its-s-550-air-defense-system" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/russian-media-report-contradicts-the-deployment-of-its-s-550-air-defense-system">Russian air defense systems</a> .On the other hand, the Gripen-C, designed by Sweden&#39;s Saab, is specifically tailored to operate at low cost in cold climates and from rugged satellite bases, with limited maintenance requirements. The Gripen&#39;s versatility is reflected in its compatibility with a range of armaments, beyond its single 27 mm Mauser BK-27 cannon (which is omitted on the two-seat variants). It can be armed with air-to-air missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder, air-to-ground missiles such as the AGM-65 Maverick, and anti-ship missiles such as the RBS-15. Additionally, the Gripen is compatible with advanced weapons like the long-range MBDA Meteor missile, the short-range IRIS-T missile, and the GBU-49 laser-guided bomb, offering a wide range of options for various mission requirements.One of the strengths of the F-16 is its extensive use by many countries around the world, which has resulted in a large pool of knowledge and expertise in operating and maintaining the aircraft. This can be a valuable asset for <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/ukraine-to-get-mobile-bridges" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/ukraine-to-get-mobile-bridges">Ukraine</a>, as it can benefit from the existing infrastructure, training programs, and support systems associated with the F-16. Furthermore, the F-16&#39;s reputation as a reliable and capable aircraft in combat situations adds to its appeal as a potential choice for Ukraine&#39;s air force.In terms of cost-effectiveness, both the F-16 and Gripen have advantages. The F-16 has a large user base, which can potentially result in cost-sharing opportunities and lower maintenance costs through economies of scale. On the other hand, the Gripen&#39;s design for cost-effective operations in harsh conditions and from satellite bases can potentially reduce operating costs and maintenance requirements.

Discover top 4 alternatives for Ukraine's air force modernization. From F-16 Fighting Falcon to Saab JAS 39 Gripen-C, find the best options for defense

Ukraine's Air Force Modernization: Evaluating four viable options for defense

F-16 Fighting Falcon and Jas 39 Gripen: Which one is better for Ukraine?

Ukraine Battlefield Analysis: The takedown of 1600+ Russian tanks by Javelin, NLAW, and TOW missiles and superior Ukranian tactics.

Terrible Tank Losses of Russia.jpg

Recent reports suggest that Russia has lost a significant number of its main <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/7-of-the-best-tanks-that-you-wouldnt-want-to-face-in-battle" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/7-of-the-best-tanks-that-you-wouldnt-want-to-face-in-battle">battle tanks</a> during the ongoing conflict in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/leaked-top-secret-docs-ukraine" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/leaked-top-secret-docs-ukraine">Ukraine</a>. According to <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-has-won-the-future-of-ai-ex-us-defense-official-says" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-has-won-the-future-of-ai-ex-us-defense-official-says">US officials</a>, it is likely that Russia has lost half or more of its main battle tanks since the invasion began. One of the primary reasons for this is the lack of sufficient infantry support or protection, which has resulted in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/russian-army-integrates-robot-tanks-into-new-military-unit" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/russian-army-integrates-robot-tanks-into-new-military-unit">Russian tanks</a> moving straight into Ukrainian ambushes.Ukrainian small <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech">combat units</a>, equipped with the West&#39;s most advanced<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-5/ep-9-bgm-71-tow-no-russian-tank-is-safe-in-ukraine" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-5/ep-9-bgm-71-tow-no-russian-tank-is-safe-in-ukraine"> anti-tank systems</a>, have been able to take advantage of the terrain they are familiar with and move to positions where they can attack Russian convoys. One such system is the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-5/ep-1-at-4-is-really-effective-against-the-russian-armour" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-5/ep-1-at-4-is-really-effective-against-the-russian-armour">FGM-148 Javelin</a>, a state-of-the-art portable fire-and-forget anti-tank system that can lock onto and hit moving targets from a distance of 8,200 feet (2,500 meters).Another major contributor to Russia&#39;s desperate situation is the Saab Bofors Dynamics designed <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/uk-nlaw-missiles-ukraine" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/uk-nlaw-missiles-ukraine">NLAW,</a> which has proven to be highly effective against Russian tanks. Additionally, Ukraine&#39;s locally manufactured Stugna-P anti-tank missile has been acclaimed for its effectiveness from the start of the invasion.The TOW missile is another weapon that Ukrainian forces have been using to great effect. It is tube-launched and optically-tracked, and a wire-guided missile that can be manually steered towards its target by the operator. The Ukrainians have been using more advanced weapons with a higher kill probability to ensure that they hit these tanks and bring the entire column to a halt.Once a column is immobilized, Ukrainian forces can engage and destroy the vehicles sandwiched between the immobilized front and rear vehicles with less expensive weapons like AT-4s and RPG-7s. This tactic has proven to be highly effective, and it has resulted in the loss of a significant number of Russian tanks.The situation in Ukraine remains tense, and the conflict shows no signs of abating. However, the Ukrainian military has shown itself to be highly capable and well-equipped, and it has been able to inflict significant losses on the Russian military. The use of advanced anti-tank systems and tactics has proven to be highly effective, and it is likely that Ukraine will continue to use these weapons to great effect in the future.

Discover how Ukraine's use of advanced anti-tank systems and tactics has immobilized and destroyed Russian tank columns in the ongoing conflict.

Ukraine's advanced anti-tank weapons crush Russian convoys

Javelin,NLAW & TOW: The triple threat that eliminated 1600+ Russian tanks in Ukraine

Let's take a look at how the west fortifies Ukraine's air defense capabilities with NASAMS, Avenger, Seasparrow and Patriot systems.

Ukraine's Air Defenses.jpg

As tensions continue to rise between<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-3/ep-7-how-himars-is-helping-ukraines-war-effort" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-3/ep-7-how-himars-is-helping-ukraines-war-effort"> Russia and Ukraine</a>, the latter receives significant support in bolstering its air defense capabilities. With increased <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics">military</a> activity at Ukraine&#39;s border and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ka-52-alligator-attack-helicopters-lost" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ka-52-alligator-attack-helicopters-lost">Russian forces</a> focusing on civilian targets, the United States and other allies have stepped up their aid to ensure Ukraine can effectively defend itself. This article highlights the advanced missile systems and radar technology that Ukraine has recently acquired, reinforcing its defense in the face of mounting threats.National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile Systems (NASAMS)In late 2022, Ukraine received its first shipment of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-ukraine-advanced-nasams-820m-military-aid" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-ukraine-advanced-nasams-820m-military-aid">National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile Systems (NASAMS)</a>. This delivery provided the country with a much-needed defense against Russian missiles and Iranian-made drones targeting its infrastructure. NASAMS is a highly effective air defense system designed to target various airborne threats, enhancing Ukraine&#39;s ability to protect its airspace and civilians.AN/TWQ-1 Avenger Air Defense SystemsThe United States has also provided significant support by shipping AN/TWQ-1 Avenger air defense systems to Ukraine. Four systems were initially sent in November 2022, followed by an additional eight in January 2023. The Avenger is a lightweight, highly mobile, and easily transportable surface-to-air missile fire unit. Each unit contains two missile pods with eight Stinger missiles, offering robust capabilities against enemy aircraft and drones.RIM-7 SEASPARROW and BUK Missile SystemsUkraine is set to receive Raytheon&#39;s RIM-7 SEASPARROW missiles, which are a direct development of the AIM-7E Sparrow air-to-air missile system. These advanced missiles will be launched from Soviet-era 9K37 BUK (NATO designation SA-11) systems, offering an upgraded defense capability. The combination of these systems will provide Ukraine with a formidable defense against various aerial threats, including aircraft and missiles.<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-2/ep-7-s400-vs-patriot-best-air-defense-choice" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-2/ep-7-s400-vs-patriot-best-air-defense-choice">PATRIOT Missile Systems</a>In response to the escalating situation, the Pentagon has expedited the delivery of PATRIOT missile systems to Ukraine. <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/patriot-missile-defense-system-help-ukraine" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/patriot-missile-defense-system-help-ukraine">The PATRIOT</a> is renowned for its advanced interceptor missiles and highly effective radar systems, with an average effective range of 93 miles (150 km). The arrival of these missile systems will significantly enhance Ukraine&#39;s ability to defend its airspace and civilian population.As tensions mount along Ukraine&#39;s border, the acquisition of advanced defense systems from the United States and other allies is a crucial factor in the nation&#39;s ability to protect itself. The NASAMS, Avenger, SEASPARROW, BUK, and PATRIOT missile systems provide a powerful defense against Russian aircraft, missiles, and Iranian-made drones. With these advanced capabilities, Ukraine stands a better chance of defending its sovereignty and ensuring the safety of its people in the face of an increasingly uncertain geopolitical landscape.

Ukraine has received advanced air defense systems, including NASAMS and Patriot missiles, to bolster its capabilities against Russian aircraft and drones

Ukraine's air defense strengthened by advanced systems

The defenders of Ukraine's sky: NASAMS, AN/TWQ-1 Avenger, RIM-7 Seasparrow and Patriot systems

As we saw in the first year of the war in Ukraine, drones have become a vital asset for militaries. Let’s take a look at Bayraktar TB-2, MQ-9A Reaper and RQ-4 Global Hawk!

The Game of Drones.jpg

<ol class="framed-paragraph"><li>Don&#39;t miss out on the amazing deals with our affiliate links. Click the link to find out more!</li><li>Holy Stone Drone HS175D with 4K Camera -<a href="https://bit.ly/3LTQayd" title="" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie"> https://bit.ly/3LTQayd</a></li><li>Holy Stone HS720 GPS Drone with 4K Camera -<a href="https://bit.ly/3LU0tCt" title="" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie"> https://bit.ly/3LU0tCt</a></li><li>Holy Stone HS440 Drone with 1080P Camera -<a href="https://bit.ly/40BidGL" title="" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie"> https://bit.ly/40BidGL</a></li><li>Holy Stone HS710 GPS Drone with 4K Camera -<a href="https://bit.ly/40AcrVZ" title="" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie"> https://bit.ly/40AcrVZ</a></li><li><a href="https://bit.ly/40AcrVZ" title="" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie"></a>Holy Stone HS175 Drone with 2K Camera -<a href="https://bit.ly/3FTi8X2" title="" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie"> https://bit.ly/3FTi8X2</a></li></ol><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-allegedly-developed-a-new-flying-submarine-drone-that-could-penetrate-aircraft-carrier-defenses" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-allegedly-developed-a-new-flying-submarine-drone-that-could-penetrate-aircraft-carrier-defenses">Drones</a> are revolutionizing the way modern<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics"> militaries</a> conduct warfare, and the global <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/turkeys-new-military-drones-are-gun-toting" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/turkeys-new-military-drones-are-gun-toting">military drone</a> market is projected to grow significantly in the coming years. The <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bayraktar-tb2-drones-3-year-waiting-list" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bayraktar-tb2-drones-3-year-waiting-list">Bayraktar TB2</a>, <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-air-force-calls-for-ideas-for-its-mq-9-reaper-drone-replacement" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-air-force-calls-for-ideas-for-its-mq-9-reaper-drone-replacement">MQ-9A Reaper</a>, and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mystery-plane-spotted-flying-over-california-us-air-force-wont-comment" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/mystery-plane-spotted-flying-over-california-us-air-force-wont-comment">RQ-4 Global Hawk </a>are among the most advanced and widely used military drones in the world.<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineer-of-record-breaking-drone-gives-insight-into-the-aviation-industry" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineer-of-record-breaking-drone-gives-insight-into-the-aviation-industry">The Bayraktar TB2</a>, developed by Turkey, has become a celebrity in its own right, having been used extensively in conflicts in Syria, Libya, Nagorno Karabakh, and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech/season-2/ep-3-ukraines-battlefield-ubers" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech/season-2/ep-3-ukraines-battlefield-ubers">Ukraine</a>. It is a medium-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that has been credited with destroying well over 750 military vehicles. In 2020, it was used in the first-ever coordinated mass drone assault in history, when it launched drone strikes against a Syrian military convoy and base.The MQ-9A Reaper, on the other hand, is a medium-to-high altitude, long-endurance hunter-killer RPA designed to eliminate high-value and time-critical targets in permissive environments. It is known for its unmatched operational flexibility and has been used extensively by the United States military in the War on Terror. With a wingspan of 66 feet and a maximum takeoff weight of 10,500 pounds, the MQ-9A Reaper is a formidable drone capable of conducting a wide range of missions.The RQ-4 Global Hawk, manufactured by Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, and L-3 Harris, is the largest unmanned aerial vehicle in the U.S. military&#39;s fleet. It has a wingspan of over 130 feet and a maximum takeoff weight of over 32,000 pounds. The Global Hawk is designed for high-altitude, long-endurance reconnaissance missions and is equipped with a variety of sensors and imaging systems that allow it to gather intelligence from vast distances.The use of drones in warfare has changed the nature of conflict, allowing militaries to conduct surveillance, intelligence gathering, and strikes without putting human lives at risk.In The Bayraktar TB2, MQ-9A Reaper, and RQ-4 Global Hawk are among the most advanced and widely used military drones in the world. They have revolutionized the way modern militaries conduct warfare. This video might include a promotion about one of Interesting Engineering&#39;s partners. By shopping with us, you not only get the materials you need, but you’re also supporting our website.

Discover the game-changing technology of military drones, including the Bayraktar TB2, MQ-9A Reaper, and RQ-4 Global Hawk, revolutionizing warfare.

Revolutionizing Warfare: Military Drones and Technology

Game of drones: Bayraktar TB-2, MQ-9A Reaper and RQ-4 Global Hawk

Let's take a look at the commercial and DIY drones and the small special-purpose military drones used in Ukraine.

asd.jpg

The ongoing conflict in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ukraine-captures-russia-aerial-warfare-pod" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ukraine-captures-russia-aerial-warfare-pod">Ukraine</a> has become a showcase for the use of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/a-brief-history-of-drones-the-remote-controlled-unmanned-aerial-vehicles-uavs" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/a-brief-history-of-drones-the-remote-controlled-unmanned-aerial-vehicles-uavs">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> (UAVs) in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/modern-warfare-world-governments-recruit-social-media-warriors" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/modern-warfare-world-governments-recruit-social-media-warriors">modern warfare</a>. The use of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/drones-are-banned-in-the-uae-following-a-drone-attack-that-killed-three" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/drones-are-banned-in-the-uae-following-a-drone-attack-that-killed-three">drones</a> has become so prevalent that this conflict is now being called the world&#39;s first full-fledged drone war. Both sides in the conflict have been utilizing a variety of<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-tdr-1-one-of-the-first-ever-combat-uavs" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-tdr-1-one-of-the-first-ever-combat-uavs"> UAVs</a>, ranging from expensive military-grade systems to commercially available and even <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/diy-drone-learn-how-to-build-your-own-quadcopter-drone" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/diy-drone-learn-how-to-build-your-own-quadcopter-drone">DIY drones</a>.One of the most popular drones being used in the conflict is the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/video/dji-mavic-pro-drone-captures-the-destruction-of-hurricane-irma-in-satellite-beach-florida" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/video/dji-mavic-pro-drone-captures-the-destruction-of-hurricane-irma-in-satellite-beach-florida">DJI Mavic 3</a>, which costs around $1,500. This drone is used extensively by both sides for surveillance and reconnaissance, as well as for targeting enemy positions. Another drone that has gained popularity among <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ghost-of-kyiv-is-myth" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ghost-of-kyiv-is-myth">Ukrainian forces</a> is the R-18, which is an octocopter built from scratch by the Ukrainian company Aerorozvidka. This drone is highly prized by the company and is used for a variety of purposes, including surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting.But it&#39;s not just expensive military-grade drones that are being used in this conflict. Both sides have also employed smaller, special-purpose drones, such as the Switchblade 300 and the Warmate 1. The Switchblade 300 is a backpackable, rapidly deployable, loitering precision strike missile that can be used against beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) targets from either mobile or fixed defensive positions in the field. The Warmate 1, on the other hand, is a small, plane-like unmanned system with a centrally mounted wing and a v-tail that weighs no more than 12 lb (5.4 kg).The use of drones has had a significant impact on the course of the conflict in Ukraine. <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/russian-made-drone-shoots-down-other-drones-with-shotgun" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/russian-made-drone-shoots-down-other-drones-with-shotgun">Drones</a> have allowed both sides to gather valuable intelligence on enemy positions, movements, and intentions. They have also been used to strike at enemy positions with precision, reducing the risk of collateral damage and casualties. However, the use of drones has also led to an arms race between the two sides, with each trying to develop and deploy more advanced and effective UAVs.One of the challenges facing both sides in the conflict is the use of jamming systems, which can disrupt or disable the signals that control drones. Both sides have employed these systems, which has led to a cat-and-mouse game of developing and deploying more advanced jamming and counter-jamming technologies.The conflict in Ukraine has shown that drones have become an increasingly important tool in modern warfare. The use of UAVs has allowed both sides to gather valuable intelligence and strike at enemy positions with precision. However, it has also led to an arms race and the development of advanced jamming and counter-jamming technologies. As the use of drones in warfare continues to evolve, it will be interesting to see how they are used in future conflicts and what impact they will have on the course of those conflicts.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in Ukraine's ongoing conflict has turned it into the world's first full-fledged drone war.

Drone warfare in ukraine: impact and future

The drone wars: DJI Mavic 3, R-18, the Switchblade and Warmate defending Ukraine

The war in Ukraine has evolved into a bloody combination of trench warfare techniques from 100 years ago and 21st century technology.

HIMARS_-_missile_launched.jpg

The ongoing conflict in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/russia-attacked-pivdennoukrainsk-nuclear-plant" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/russia-attacked-pivdennoukrainsk-nuclear-plant">Ukraine</a> has been a brutal and bloody affair, combining the trench warfare tactics of the past with the technological advancements of the present. The frontlines around Bakhmut, in particular, have become a critical battleground that requires careful consideration from military strategists, as images from the press and social media demonstrate.One of the key features of the conflict has been the relative absence of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/russian-su-34-crashes-residential-building" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/russian-su-34-crashes-residential-building">Russian air power</a>. Instead, the Russian forces have had to rely heavily on their massed artillery to achieve their objectives. At the start of the war, both sides had access to ex-Soviet artillery. However, the balance of power has shifted since then, with Ukraine receiving billions of dollars worth of munitions from <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/nato-may-be-planning-to-build-solar-panel-powered-tanks" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/nato-may-be-planning-to-build-solar-panel-powered-tanks">NATO</a> and other nations.Of these, the M777 <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-caesar-howitzers-all-about-the-powerful-french-weapons-sent-to-ukraine" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-caesar-howitzers-all-about-the-powerful-french-weapons-sent-to-ukraine">Howitzer</a> and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-3/ep-7-how-himars-is-helping-ukraines-war-effort" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-3/ep-7-how-himars-is-helping-ukraines-war-effort">HIMARS</a> have been among the most game-changing pieces of artillery equipment. These systems have provided the Ukrainian military with two critical advantages over their Russian counterparts: pinpoint accuracy and mobility.<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-3/ep-5-m777-is-dead-on" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-3/ep-5-m777-is-dead-on">The M777 Howitzer</a>, for example, is a lightweight 155mm howitzer that is highly mobile and can be easily transported by helicopter. This makes it ideal for use in mountainous terrain, such as that found around Bakhmut. Its advanced targeting system allows it to hit targets with great precision, even at long range. This is crucial in a conflict where civilian casualties are a major concern.The HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System), on the other hand, is a truck-mounted rocket launcher that can fire a range of different munitions, including GPS-guided missiles. Its mobility and flexibility make it a highly effective weapon in a fast-moving conflict like the one in Ukraine. It can be quickly repositioned to respond to changing circumstances on the battlefield, and its precision-guided missiles can strike targets with incredible accuracy.Perhaps even more important than the weapons themselves, however, is the specialized ammunition that accompanies them. The M982 Excalibur round, for example, is a highly accurate GPS-guided artillery shell that can hit targets up to 40 kilometers away with pinpoint precision. The XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit (PGK) is another example of advanced ammunition that has given the Ukrainian military a significant advantage. This system can be fitted to conventional artillery shells, allowing them to be guided to their targets with extreme accuracy.

Learn advanced artillery equipment like the M777 Howitzer and HIMARS, along with specialized ammunition.

Game-changing artillery equipment and ammunition in Ukraine

M777 and HIMARS: The modern kings of battle fighting in Ukraine

These next generation hypersonic missiles with conventional, non-nuclear warheads are most effective against high-value targets like aircraft carriers.

iStock-1385501568.jpg

In the world of military technology, hypersonic weapons are the latest frontier. These weapons refer to any vehicle that can travel at speeds faster than Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound, while maneuvering through the atmosphere. The main reason nations are investing in these next-generation weapons is due to their speed, maneuverability, and hard-to-predict flight path, making them difficult to defend against.One example of a hypersonic weapon is the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/russias-kinzhal-missile-not-hypersonic" title="Kinzhal," rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/russias-kinzhal-missile-not-hypersonic">Kinzhal,</a> which is an aeroballistic system. This means that after being dropped from an aircraft, it accelerates to hypersonic speed using a rocket and then follows a ballistic trajectory. The Kinzhal is a formidable weapon that can travel at Mach 10 and is designed to take out high-value targets, such as aircraft carriers.Another hypersonic weapon under development is the DF-ZF, previously known as the Wu-14 as a prototype, which is a hypersonic glide vehicle being developed by the People’s Liberation Army Rocket Forces in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-hypersonic-tech-twice-powerful" title="China" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-hypersonic-tech-twice-powerful">China</a>. This weapon can travel at speeds of up to Mach 10 and can be maneuvered both horizontally and vertically while in flight.The United States is also developing its own hypersonic weapons, with the AGM-183A Air-launched Rapid Response Weapon, or <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-air-force-hypersonic-missile" title="ARRW" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-air-force-hypersonic-missile">ARRW</a> (&quot;Arrow&quot;), expected to be the country&#39;s first operational hypersonic weapon. The ARRW is designed to be launched from an aircraft and can travel at speeds of up to Mach 20.The <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hypersonic-missile-equipped-russian-frigate" title="Zircon" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hypersonic-missile-equipped-russian-frigate">Zircon</a> is another type of hypersonic weapon, which is a scramjet-powered hypersonic cruise missile. Unlike hypersonic glide weapons, hypersonic cruise missiles rely on cooled supersonic combustion ramjet engines, which use the flow of air at supersonic speeds, compressed by the forward motion of the missile, to drive combustion. The Zircon can travel at speeds of up to Mach 8 and is designed to be highly maneuverable.The main advantage of hypersonic weapons is their speed, which allows them to quickly reach their targets and evade enemy defenses. However, the development of these weapons also presents significant challenges, including the need for advanced <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/materials-lab" title="materials" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/materials-lab">materials</a> to withstand the extreme temperatures and forces generated during flight, as well as the need for sophisticated guidance systems to ensure accuracy.In conclusion, hypersonic weapons are the latest frontier in military technology, with nations around the world investing in their development. These weapons offer unparalleled speed and maneuverability, making them difficult to defend against and highly effective against high-value targets. However, the development of these weapons presents significant technological challenges that must be overcome to ensure their successful deployment.

Hypersonic missiles with non-nuclear warheads are designed to take out high-value targets, such as aircraft carriers, with incredible speed and accuracy.

Effective Conventional Weapons Against High-Value Targets

The unstoppable hypersonic missiles

Infantry fighting vehicles (IFV) are near the top of the list of combat vehicle types that Ukraine requires.

son.jpg

The US and some European countries, including Germany and France, have announced that they will send various combat equipment to Ukraine to assist Kyiv in seizing a narrow window of opportunity to launch a counterattack against Russian forces.This aid will also assist Kyiv in fending off an expected Russian spring offensive.Of all combat vehicle types that Ukraine needs, Infantry fighting vehicles (IFV) are near the top, IFVs are essentially heavily armored Ubers. Let’s take a look at some of these vehicles.The British FV432 is a part of the FV430 vehicles family which is roughly analogous to the American M113 and its subvariants. The core vehicle weighs just under 17 tons and has a top speed on improved roads of just under 32.5 miles per hour. The Bulldog, also known as the FV432 Mk 3, is a substantial upgrade over the original design that was developed in response to British Army combat experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq in the early 2000s. This variant has a new engine and drive train improvements that give it increased speed and better cross-country mobility, as well as an air-conditioning system.Sweden’s CV90, or Combat Vehicle 90 series, was originally schemed in the mid-1980s as a family of fighting vehicles and has resulted in a wide variety of variants for different missions.  Weighing just over 25 tons when prepared for combat, the CV9040 has a capacity for a maximum of eight troops and is operated by a crew of three: commander, driver, and gunner. The CV9040&#39;s basic armor provides all-around protection against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. Armour protection over the frontal arc is classified, but all models from CV9040B onwards are said to be protected against 30 mm APFSDS. CV9040  has a very good level of mobility over snow and through marsh and swamps, which could be of significant benefit to Ukraine. The vehicle has a top speed of 43 mph.It’s also designed to operate in extremely cold conditions.  While the CV9040 lacks anti-tank missiles, its Bofors gun is already a powerful weapon against opposition Russian tanks.The Bastion APC is a 4×4 armored personnel carrier vehicle that was produced by French Company ACMAT, a subsidiary of ARQUUS formerly Renault Trucks Defense.It incorporates blast protection technology with the mobility of a light armored vehicle. The design of the Bastion is conventional for a modern wheeled armored vehicle with the engine at the front, crew in the middle, and troop&#39;s compartment at the rear. The vehicle has a crew of two and can accommodate up to 8 infantrymen.The roof of the Bastion APC can be fitted with a one-man open-top turret or a remotely operated weapon station which can be armed with a 7.62mm or a 12.7mm machine gun.The Bastion APC with its Diesel engine developing 215 hp can run at a maximum road speed of 68 mph.The Marder is one of the world’s older IFVs. But despite its age, Marder remains operational owing to its balance of speed, protection, firepower, and capacity. Capable of traveling 40 miles per hour the Marder can keep pace with the German army’s Leopard 1 tanks, drop off infantry in the middle of a firefight then support that infantry with cannon fire and missiles. The Marder is a formidable vehicle almost resembling a light tank. It is armed with an externally mounted 20 mm cannon and coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun over a two-man turret. The hull superstructure armor is well sloped to add protection. The number of troops carried in the troop compartment at the rear is 5 or 6. The original version could carry 6 dismounts, though between 1977 and 1979 a MILAN anti-tank guided missile launcher and reload missiles were fitted to all vehicles. This reduced passenger capacity to 5 soldiers. The US Army’s Bradley infantry vehicle is a full-tracked, medium armored vehicle capable of providing cross-country mobility and protection to mechanized units.It carries the M242 25-millimeter automatic cannon and a 7.62 coaxial machine gun. The IFV’s arsenal also includes armor-piercing, sub-caliber, and high-explosive ammunition. Besides, Bradley has a TOW ATGM launcher. Among the unique features of the Bradley is its independent viewer that allows commanders to scan for targets and maintain situational awareness.The weight of the M2A2 ODS-SA amounts to 37,7 tons. The vehicle is driven by a 600-horsepower engine. With a top speed of 38 miles per hour, the vehicle can accommodate a crew of three and up to seven squad members.
The Stryker is a family of eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles.Throughout its years in service, the Stryker has undergone various survivability upgrades and received &quot;kit&quot; applications designed to improve the vehicle&#39;s ability to withstand attacks. The Stryker is tougher than many other armored personnel carriers. The front arc can withstand hits from 14.5 mm heavy machine gun rounds. The armor provides all-around defense against 7.62 mm NATO ball rounds. Ceramic add-on armor can also be installed to provide all-around protection against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. The vehicle&#39;s interior is lined with kevlar to protect the crew and passengers from spalling. To withstand mine blasts, the undercarriage was reinforced.M1126 ICV is the baseline vehicle of the Stryker family. It is fitted with a remotely-controlled weapon station, armed with an M2.50 Cal heavy machine gun, or an MK19 40 mm automatic grenade launcher.

These infantry fighting vehicles will help Ukraine bring the fight to the Russians!

Infantry Fighting Vehicles for Ukraine

Ukraine's battlefield ubers

Can our current energy weapons help us fend off an alien invasion?

wer.png

Energy weapons are a type of futuristic weaponry that uses directed energy to cause damage to their targets. While many science fiction depictions of energy weapons may seem far-fetched, several types of energy weapons are currently being developed by various militaries and defense contractors worldwide. Of those currently under development, they tend to fall into one of several main categories: <ul><li>Laser weapons: Laser weapons use focused beams of light to damage or destroy their targets. They are currently in development by the US military, with the US Navy testing a laser weapon on a ship in 2014.</li></ul><ul><li>High-powered microwave weapons: High-powered microwave weapons use bursts of electromagnetic radiation to disrupt or damage electronic equipment. Several countries, including the US and China, are developing them.</li></ul><ul><li>Railguns: Railguns use electromagnetic fields to launch projectiles at hypersonic speeds. They are being developed by the US Navy and are seen as a potential alternative to traditional guns.</li></ul><ul><li>Particle beam weapons: Particle beam weapons use streams of charged or neutral particles to damage their targets. Various countries, including the US and Russia, have studied them.</li></ul><ul><li>Sonic weapons: Sonic weapons use sound waves to cause physical harm to their targets. Several militaries, including the US and China, are developing them.</li></ul>But that’s the theory; what ones exist? Believe it or not, the United States Navy has developed and tested a railgun, an electromagnetic launcher that uses electromagnetic fields to launch projectiles at hypersonic speeds. The railgun uses a pair of parallel metal rails to accelerate a projectile, which can reach speeds of over 7,000 miles per hour (11,265 kph), making it one of the fastest projectiles in existence. Developed for possible deployment on Zumwalt-class destroyers, the project has since been mothballed due to the challenges of creating a reliable and efficient power source that can provide enough energy to accelerate the projectile to its high speeds.The United States has also developed and tested several types of laser weapons. The US military has been exploring using lasers for various applications, including anti-missile defense, precision targeting, and disabling enemy equipment. In 2017, the US Army also announced the successful testing of a 60-kilowatt laser weapon capable of shooting down unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other small drones. However, despite these successful tests, the deployment of laser weapons in the field still needs to be improved and is subject to continuous development and refinement. Other systems have been developed for general Dynamics’ Stryker armored vehicles, and Israel is making excellent progress with its “Iron Beam” anti-aerial defense system. However, like railguns, one of the main challenges of laser weapons is developing reliable, powerful, and efficient systems while minimizing the risk of collateral damage.As for sonic weapons, some have been developed for use by various militaries and law enforcement agencies. While currently non-lethal, these weapons are effective for crowd control. The same is also true for microwave weapons. Examples include high-powered microwave (HPM) devices, which can disable or destroy electronic equipment, and microwave-based crowd control systems, which can produce a burning or painful sensation on the skin or other physiological effects.As for particle beams, these are still (as far as we know) beyond our current technological capability. Energy weapons are still mainly in the experimental and prototype phase, and it may be some time before they become widely deployed. Whatever the future may have in store, their development does come with important ethical and legal questions surrounding using such weapons, and their deployment is subject to international law and treaties.

The electromagnetic railgun (EMRG) is a weapon that fires projectiles using electricity rather than gunpowder.

Can energy weapons help us win the day?

Are rail guns and lasers powerful enough to fight UFOs?

Leopard 2, Challenger 2 and M1A1 Abrams are about to join the battle in Ukraine.

er.png

<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech/season-2/ep-3-ukraines-battlefield-ubers" title="Ukraine" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech/season-2/ep-3-ukraines-battlefield-ubers">Ukraine</a> has been requesting <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech" title="Western armour" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech">Western armour</a> since the beginning of the conflict in order to repel Russian forces. Ukrainian commanders believe that 300 Western main battle tanks (MBTs) will be sufficient to assist their troops in evicting all Russian forces from their territory in the coming months.Ideally, they’d love to see supplies of French Leclerc, German Leopard 2, British Challenger 2, and American M1A1 Abrams. So, what’s so great about these behemoths of war? Let’s take a look…<ul><li>Leclerc: The Leclerc is a French main battle tank designed and produced by Nexter (formerly Giat Industries). It features a 120mm smoothbore gun, a 12.7mm machine gun, and a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. The tank is powered by a 1,500-horsepower turbocharged diesel engine and features advanced armor protection, including a modular composite armor system and reactive armor tiles. However, the Leclerc is known for having a relatively small fuel capacity and limited range.</li></ul><ul><li>Leopard 2: The Leopard 2 is a German main battle tank designed and produced by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann. It features a 120mm smoothbore gun, a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun, and a 12.7mm heavy machine gun. The tank is powered by a 1,500-horsepower turbocharged diesel engine and features advanced armor protection, including a composite armor system and explosive reactive armor tiles. The Leopard 2 is also known for its reliability and ease of maintenance.</li></ul><ul><li>Challenger 2: The Challenger 2 is a British main battle tank designed and produced by BAE Systems Land &amp; Armaments. It features a 120mm rifled gun, a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun, and a 7.62mm pintle-mounted machine gun. The tank is powered by a 1,200 horsepower diesel engine and features advanced armor protection, including a Dorchester composite armor system and explosive reactive armor tiles. The Challenger 2 is also known for its long range and high accuracy.</li></ul><ul><li>M1A1 Abrams: The M1A1 Abrams is an American main battle tank that was designed and produced by General Dynamics Land Systems. It features a 120mm smoothbore gun, a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun, and a 12.7mm heavy machine gun. The tank is powered by a 1,500-horsepower gas turbine engine and features advanced armor protection, including a Chobham composite armor system and explosive reactive armor tiles. The M1A1 Abrams is also known for its mobility and high speed.</li></ul>All four of these tanks are highly advanced and capable vehicles, with varying strengths and weaknesses. They have all seen combat in various conflicts around the world, and have proven to be effective in a variety of situations. For example, the Leclerc is known for its speed and maneuverability, while the Challenger 2 is known for its heavy armor and long range. The Leopard 2 and M1A1 Abrams are both highly capable tanks with advanced fire control and targeting systems, but the Leopard 2 is known for its ease of maintenance and the M1A1 Abrams is known for its mobility. All four <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/9-ww1-tanks-that-changed-war-forever" title="tanks" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/9-ww1-tanks-that-changed-war-forever">tanks</a> have advanced armor protection systems and are considered to be among the most capable main battle tanks in the world. For these reasons, a shipment of any one of them would be a serious boon to Ukraine in the coming days, months, and, possibly, years.

How are western tanks going to help Ukraine?

M1A1 Abrams, Leopard 2, Challenger 2 vs. Russian Armor: How are western tanks going to help Ukraine?

Season 2

The RPG-7 anti-tank grenade launcher is an impressively robust, simple, and deadly weapon. It's a versatile platform capable of launching different types of grenades depending on the scenario.

4938126.jpg

The RPG-7 <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-army-is-looking-for-new-anti-tank-mine-systems" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-army-is-looking-for-new-anti-tank-mine-systems">anti-tank</a>  grenade launcher is a weapon that has stood the test of time, proving to be robust, simple, and deadly. With its origins rooted in the German Panzerfaust anti-tank weapon, the RPG has undergone significant revisions and modifications, culminating in the widely-used RPG-7. This article explores the evolution, widespread adoption, and versatility of the RPG-7, making it a weapon of choice for military forces and, unfortunately, even certain terrorist organizations.What sets the RPG-7 apart from other weapons is its versatility. It is not limited to a single type of ammunition, but rather serves as a platform for launching various types of grenades, depending on the scenario. While its primary purpose is anti-tank warfare, the RPG-7 can also fire fragmentation grenades, smoke grenades, and even thermobaric warheads. This adaptability makes it an invaluable asset on the battlefield, where multiple threats may need to be addressed.However, it is important to note that the versatility of the RPG-7 has attracted the attention of terrorist organizations operating across the Middle East and Latin America. These groups have reportedly acquired and employed RPG-7 launchers, using them to devastating effect against both <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics">military</a>  and civilian targets. This unfortunate reality underscores the need for strict control and regulation of such weapons to prevent their proliferation and misuse.The RPG-7 anti-tank grenade launcher has firmly established its place as an impressively robust, simple, and deadly weapon. Its evolution from the German Panzerfaust to the widely-used RPG-7 showcases its enduring success. With its global adoption and numerous variants tailored to specific needs, the RPG-7 continues to serve as a versatile platform capable of launching a variety of grenades. However, as its use by terrorist organizations demonstrates, the importance of responsible regulation and control of this weapon cannot be understated in today&#39;s world.

The RPG-7 anti-tank grenade launcher is an impressively robust, simple, and deadly weapon.

The RPG-7: A Deadly and Versatile Anti-Tank Grenade Launcher

RPG-7: The art of simple destruction

The AbramsX, the next-generation of Abrams tanks, is expected to completely revolutionize the field of tank warfare with its advanced features and capabilities.

AbramsX Tank.jpg

Over the past century, the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech/season-2/ep-1-m1a1-abrams-leopard-2-challenger-2-vs-russian-armor-how-are-western-tanks-going-to-help-ukraine" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech/season-2/ep-1-m1a1-abrams-leopard-2-challenger-2-vs-russian-armor-how-are-western-tanks-going-to-help-ukraine">Abrams tank</a> has undergone numerous transformations, continually adapting to the evolving landscape of modern warfare. The latest iteration, the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/next-gen-tank-hybrid-power-plant" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/next-gen-tank-hybrid-power-plant">AbramsX</a>, represents a significant leap forward in the field of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/9-ww1-tanks-that-changed-war-forever" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/9-ww1-tanks-that-changed-war-forever">tank warfare</a> . By merging cutting-edge technology and enhanced firepower, the AbramsX is set to revolutionize armored combat capabilities.One of the most remarkable aspects of the AbramsX is its departure from the traditional trend of increasing weight in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/7-of-the-best-tanks-that-you-wouldnt-want-to-face-in-battle" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/7-of-the-best-tanks-that-you-wouldnt-want-to-face-in-battle">Main Battle Tanks</a> (MBTs). To address this issue, the AbramsX incorporates a hybrid power system, leveraging advanced engineering and energy-saving technologies. This innovation not only improves the tank&#39;s fuel efficiency but also enhances its agility and maneuverability, making it a formidable force on the battlefield.To ensure effective coordination and data sharing, the AbramsX utilizes the KATALYST Next Generation Electronic Architecture (NGEA) for its communication and integration system. This advanced architecture interlaces platform sensor data and digital networking, providing a robust and reliable network that enables real-time information sharing. This integration not only enhances the tank&#39;s overall performance but also strengthens its interoperability with other units on the battlefield, fostering a synchronized and coordinated approach to warfare.The AbramsX represents the pinnacle of tank warfare technology, embodying the future of armored combat. Its modular design, hybrid power system, revamped firepower, integration of AI, and seamless communication capabilities all contribute to its unmatched combat capabilities. As the AbramsX enters the battlefield, it heralds a new era of tank warfare, demonstrating the potential for technology and firepower to seamlessly merge and propel armed forces to new heights of strategic superiority.

Discover the future of tank warfare with the AbramsX. Explore its modular design, hybrid power system, advanced firepower, and AI integration.

Exploring the advanced capabilities of the AbramsX

AbramsX Tank: A glimpse into the future of armored warfare

The Phalanx CIWS (Close-In Weapon System) is a naval defense system designed to detect and destroy incoming anti-ship missiles and other airborne threats.

the Phalanx CIWS.jpg

The Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) is a rapid-fire, radar-controlled gun system used by navies around the world to defend against incoming threats such as anti-ship missiles, aircraft, and small boats. The development of this system began in the early 1970s, with General Dynamics being awarded the contract for its production.The first prototype of the Phalanx CIWS was offered to the U.S. Navy for evaluation on the destroyer leader USS King in 1973. However, further work was required to improve its performance and reliability. The first ship to be fully fitted with the system was the aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea in 1980.At the core of the Phalanx CIWS lies the M61 Vulcan, a six-barreled, 20mm rotary cannon capable of firing at a rate of 3,000 to 4,500 rounds per minute. The ammunition handling system is composed of two conveyor belt systems. The first system takes the rounds out of the magazine drum to the gun, while the second system takes empty shells or unfired rounds to the opposite end of the drum.The CIWS employs a duo of radar antennas that work together to target potential threats. The search antenna is housed within the radome atop the weapon control group&#39;s white-painted section. It supplies the CIWS computer with data on the bearing, range, velocity, heading, and altitude of detected objects.The Phalanx CIWS has proven to be an effective defense system for naval vessels around the world, with its high rate of fire and advanced radar technology allowing for quick and accurate targeting of incoming threats. As naval warfare continues to evolve, it is likely that the Phalanx CIWS will continue to be updated and improved to keep pace with emerging threats.

Learn about the Phalanx CIWS, a highly advanced close-in weapon system used by navies worldwide to defend against incoming threats.

The Advanced Close-In Weapon System for Naval Defense

Greeting your enemies with 75 bullets per second: Meet the Phalanx CIWS

A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle that maintains flight through aerodynamic lift throughout its journey.

Tomahawk.jpg

In modern warfare, <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-1/ep-8-the-future-of-cruise-missiles-what-you-need-to-know" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-1/ep-8-the-future-of-cruise-missiles-what-you-need-to-know">cruise missiles</a> are a powerful tool in a military&#39;s arsenal. These unmanned self-propelled guided vehicles can deliver a high-explosive warhead with pinpoint accuracy to a specific target, making them a highly effective weapon system. <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-air-force-has-successfully-fired-live-cruise-missiles-from-a-cargo-plane" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-air-force-has-successfully-fired-live-cruise-missiles-from-a-cargo-plane">Cruise missiles</a> can be launched from various platforms, including ground vehicles, aircraft, surface ships, and submarines, providing <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics">military</a> forces with extensive deployment options.The U.S. <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/one-us-navy-submarine-could-fire-154-tomahawk-missiles-at-north-korea" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/one-us-navy-submarine-could-fire-154-tomahawk-missiles-at-north-korea">Tomahawk</a> Land Attack Missile (TLAM) is one of the most well-known examples of modern cruise missiles. The TLAM has been widely used in conflicts such as the Gulf War, the Iraq War, and the intervention in Libya. It can be launched from various platforms, including submarines and surface ships, and has a range of over 1,000 miles.While cruise missiles have proven to be effective weapons in modern warfare, their use is not without controversy. The use of cruise missiles in conflicts can lead to civilian casualties and collateral damage, making them a subject of debate among military experts and policymakers. However, their ability to strike targets with pinpoint accuracy from a safe distance has made them a valuable tool in military operations.In conclusion, cruise missiles are an unmanned self-propelled guided weapon that can deliver a high-explosive warhead to a specific target with pinpoint accuracy. They can be launched from various platforms, including ground vehicles, aircraft, surface ships, and submarines, providing military forces with extensive deployment options.Cruise missiles can be broadly classified into subsonic and supersonic types, and examples of modern cruise missiles include the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-navy-tomahawk-missile-now-runs-on-corn" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-navy-tomahawk-missile-now-runs-on-corn">U.S. Tomahawk Land Attack Missile </a>(TLAM), the Russian Kh-101 and Kh-102, and the Indian-Russian BrahMos. While their use is controversial, cruise missiles remain a potent weapon system in modern warfare.

The unmanned guided weapon of modern warfare. Learn about their classification and examples.

The Unmanned Guided Weapon of Modern Warfare

From Tomahawk to Brahmos: What are cruise missiles, how do they work and what sets them apart?

Japan is expanding its fleet of Aegis destroyers, acquiring Tomahawk missiles, and enhancing its submarine capabilities in the face of rising threats from China and North Korea.

Japanese Navy.jpg

One of Japan&#39;s primary focus has been on enhancing its missile defense capabilities. Building upon its existing capabilities, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) plans to increase the number of Aegis destroyers (DDG) from the current eight to ten as part of the Defense Buildup Program. These advanced warships equipped with the Aegis <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/combat-tech">combat system</a> play a crucial role in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-hypersonic-missile-defenses-against-china" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-hypersonic-missile-defenses-against-china">Japan&#39;s missile defense</a> capabilities and contribute significantly to regional security.In addition, Japan has recently announced plans to purchase 400 <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/one-us-navy-submarine-could-fire-154-tomahawk-missiles-at-north-korea" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/one-us-navy-submarine-could-fire-154-tomahawk-missiles-at-north-korea">Tomahawk</a> missiles, making it the third nation to possess these long-range, all-weather, subsonic <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-1/ep-8-the-future-of-cruise-missiles-what-you-need-to-know" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/military-mechanics/season-1/ep-8-the-future-of-cruise-missiles-what-you-need-to-know">cruise missiles</a>. This move is aimed at strengthening Japan&#39;s deterrence against potential adversaries and enhancing its strategic edge in the region.Furthermore, Japan has also been bolstering its underwater defense capabilities. With the recent addition of the Hakugei, the second vessel of the cutting-edge <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-launched-its-second-taigei-class-diesel-electric-submarine" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-launched-its-second-taigei-class-diesel-electric-submarine">Taigei-class diesel-electric submarines</a>, Japan now possesses some of the most advanced submarines equipped with superior stealth technology. These submarines play a vital role in maintaining Japan&#39;s strategic edge in the region.In a move to enhance its aerial defense capabilities, the Japanese government has also decided to modify the Izumo-class DDH (helicopter-carrying destroyer), enabling it to accommodate<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/is-russian-s-500-defense-system-the-ultimate-f-35-killer" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/is-russian-s-500-defense-system-the-ultimate-f-35-killer">F-35B fighter jets</a>. The first ship, the Izumo, completed its initial modification in 2021 and successfully conducted landing and takeoff tests with the US Marine Corps&#39; F-35B. The second ship, Kaga, is also undergoing conversion, further solidifying Japan&#39;s commitment to a modern and versatile military force.Japan&#39;s efforts to modernize and upgrade its defense capabilities come at a time of increasing regional tensions and security threats. While Japan has maintained a pacifist stance since the end of World War II, the country is now facing a rapidly changing security environment, necessitating its need to strengthen its defense capabilities. By investing in advanced defense technologies and capabilities, Japan aims to ensure that it can safeguard its national security interests and maintain stability in the region.

Japan boosts military power to counter China with Tomahawk missiles, submarines, and DDH, enhancing regional security.

Japan Enhances Strike Capabilities with Tomahawk Missiles Against China

AEGIS, Tomahawk, and F35B: Japan's triple-threat naval strategy against China

Deadpool's Arsenal meets Dirty Harry's: Top 5 heavy hitters - dive into the world of BFR, Desert Eagle, .44 Magnum, S&W Model 460, and Ruger Super Redhawk handguns!

30.jpg

The BFR, or Big Frame Revolver, is a single-action five-shot revolver produced by Magnum Research. Made from stainless steel, this handgun is chambered for a number of very powerful pistol calibers, such as .500 S&amp;W Magnum. With its massive frame and powerful cartridge, the BFR packs a serious punch, making it a popular choice for hunters and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-smart-gun" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-smart-gun"> handgun</a> enthusiasts.The Magnum Research Desert Eagle is another handgun known for its immense power and distinctive design. This gas-operated, semi-automatic pistol is available in a variety of chambering options, including the .50 AE and .44 Magnum. The most recent model, the Mark XIX, has a 7 round capacity in .50 AE and an 8 round capacity in .44 Magnum. The Desert Eagle&#39;s powerful chambering and unique design have made it a popular choice for collectors and enthusiasts alike.The Smith &amp; Wesson Model 29 and Model 629 are among the most iconic and revered handguns in history. Chambered for the .44 Magnum cartridge, these revolvers are known for their immense power and stopping power. Their fame has also led to their inclusion in various video games, such as the Fallout series, where they are known as the &quot;.44 Magnum Revolver.&quot;The Smith &amp; Wesson Model 460 takes the power of the .44 Magnum to the next level. Chambered in the powerful .460 S&amp;W Magnum cartridge, this revolver is built on the company&#39;s largest and strongest frame, known as the X-Frame. Developed in collaboration with Hornady and Cor-Bon, the Model 460 is capable of delivering devastating firepower, making it a popular choice for hunting and outdoor enthusiasts.Finally, the Ruger Super Redhawk chambered in .454 Casull is a force to be reckoned with. This revolver delivers massive energy and stopping power that rivals even the most powerful handguns. Its power and adaptability have earned it a place in various video games, such as the Resident Evil series.In conclusion, the world of handguns is filled with powerful and iconic weapons, each with its unique strengths and capabilities. Whether you are a hunter, enthusiast, or collector, there is a handgun out there that will meet your needs. From the BFR and the Magnum Research Desert Eagle to the Smith &amp; Wesson Model 29 and Model 460, and the Ruger Super Redhawk, these handguns are a testament to the immense destructive power that can be achieved with modern firearms technology.

Explore high-powered handguns like BFR, Desert Eagle, Smith & Wesson Model 29/629, Model 460 & Ruger Super Redhawk in this ultimate guide.

Simple and very effective: How pump action shot guns work?

Get our weekly pick of the best science, tech, and engineering videos from around the world.