Name: Qatar 2022 World Cup Stadiums Are Engineering Feats
Uploaded: 2022-12-05T14:11:59+00:00
Description: Will this be the best World Cup ever and will the features included be used in other tournaments?

Qatar 2022 World Cup is possibly the last time that legendary players such Ronaldo, Messi and Suárez will grace the pitch. Let’s have a look at some of the incredible stadiums they will play in.

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The last FIFA World Cup featuring Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi, two of the greatest ever; a swan song for the legends. What could be the coolest way to commemorate the occasion? Well, the organizers did it, and quite literally. Eight stadiums, new or refurbished for this tournament, have been equipped with technology to keep players and fans cool in the Qatari heat. Dr. Saud Ghani, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Qatar University, masterminded this cooling technology with his team. They created 3D models of the venues, placed them in a wind tunnel, and used computational software to determine the temperature at various levels. Their observations were pivotal in choosing football-sized nozzles parallel to the pitch to blow cool air on the players and smaller air diffusers under spectator seats to push cold air at the ankle level, mimicking a cold and natural flow. The cleverness lies in how the air is drawn back, re-cooled, and then used again, making it even more eco-friendly. This technology should help even the likes of Luis Suárez keep a cool head.Another stadium that is sure to blow your mind is Stadium 974, designed and built with the intention of removal after the event. This radical idea stemmed from Fenwick Iribarren Architects, in association with Schlaich Bergermann Partners and Hilson Moran. The 40,000-seat waterfront marvel is constructed using shipping containers as building blocks, supported by a steel frame. Everything, from grandstands to stalls to sanitary fittings, can be broken down and transported as shipping containers.The use of technology does not stop at the boundaries of the pitch. This World Cup will see the introduction of match balls with an inertial measurement unit sensor placed inside. The sensor, capable of sending ball data 500 times a second, will be used in conjunction with 12 tracking cameras mounted underneath the roofs of each stadium, and 29 data points of each player, to make a quick and precise decision at all times. Another nice touch by the Qatari organizers is the planned donation of seats to various projects around the globe, once the World Cup is over. But how do you get to these stadiums? Well, make use of their fantastic metro system featuring driverless trains that reach up to 60 miles per hour, and you could be there in no time. Qatar 2022 is setting an example for future host nations to follow, and fans worldwide couldn&#39;t be more delighted.

Will this be the best World Cup ever and will the features included be used in other tournaments?

Qatar 2022 World Cup Stadiums Are Engineering Feats

Qatar 2022 World Cup stadiums are engineering feats

Architecture is one of the oldest challenges in engineering. In this series, we will examine the world's most challenging structures in terms of engineering.

Iconic Builds Videos | Interesting Engineering Original Videos

Notre Dame de Paris is one of the greatest examples of gothic architecture and here’s what makes it stand out among other cathedrals. 

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When the cornerstone of Notre Dame was laid in the presence of Pope Alexander III and King Louis VII in 1163, they wanted the cathedral to signify Paris’ economic, intellectual, and cultural power. Although neither of them would live to see the end of its construction, the cathedral has unarguably become one of the most memorable landmarks of France, only surpassed by the Eiffel Tower.Notre Dame has been through numerous revolutions and wars, sustaining wounds and damage to its structure and containing artwork on more than one occasion. Its survival through the years can be attributed to an elaborate design that incorporates six-part rib vaults distributing the weight of the building to the columns, thus providing stability. Flying buttresses supporting the structure from the outside ensures that no column is overburdened by weight. Furthermore, the design reduces the need for supporting walls, which paved the way for Notre Dame to have its iconic stained glass windows, lighting its interiors with more natural sunlight.Each time the cathedral diminished to a dilapidated state, it saw a turn of fortunes. The building, in quite a dire state after the French Revolution, gave us glimpses of a resurgence when Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in France, with the emperor choosing to get crowned in the cathedral. Even when in danger of being demolished after the Napoleonic wars, the cathedral saw light at the end of a rather dark tunnel when Victor Hugo’s Notre Dame de Paris was published. The novel, released in 183, invigorated public interest in the structure, following which renovations resumed.Notre Dame, 315ft in its prime and even taller in significance in our culture, is the setting of world-renowned musicals and even a Disney animation, in addition to the previously mentioned Victor Hugo novel. This iconic building drew 12 million people annually until disaster struck on the 15th of April 2019. Just before 18:20 CEST, a fire broke out in the cathedral’s attic. Millions of people watched one of the most architectural works of the previous millennium burn for 15 hours straight. The blaze consumed most of the roof, the 19th-century spire, and extensively damaged the cathedral’s upper walls. Such is the cultural importance of the Notre Dame de Paris that it drew the interest and concern of people all over the world. Restoration works began immediately, with the cathedral expected to return to its former glory in the spring of 2024.

When Napoleon Bonapart held his coronation ceremony in this cathedral, he knew there wasn’t a better place in all of France for such an event.

This Cathedral Defines Gothic Architecture

Notre Dame de Paris' never ending run of bad luck

One of the most impressive examples of eclectic architecture, Hagia Sophia is special in multiple ways. Here’s how. 

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The iconic UNESCO World Heritage Site, Hagia Sophia – which means Holy Wisdom - in Istanbul has a layered past. Finished in the 6th century, it has gone through several looks and faiths. It was originally built as an Orthodox basilica that was later converted into a Catholic cathedral. It was then converted back into an Orthodox church before being changed to a mosque by the Ottomans, then into a historical museum before ultimately turning back into a mosque – its world-renowned final form.Thanks to its multi-faceted history, Hagia Sophia is the home of magnificent architectural work. Interestingly, when it was first built, it looked entirely different to what we associate with it today. In fact, two separate basilicas were built, demolished, and rebuilt on the site where Hagia Sophia now sits.Today, the mosque stands 180-feet tall, towering over the historic district of the city for over 15 centuries. Despite having had many iterations over the years, the structure’s historical and cultural importance still reign supreme. Going back in time, after the second basilica was burned down during the Nika Revolt, the plan was to build a third one at the cost of 4,000 Libra of gold, which roughly converts to 2,840 pounds of gold in the Imperial System. Materials from across the Byzantine Empire were brought over to be used in the construction. The marble floor, for instance, came from Anatolia, bricks for the walls were brought from North Africa, and some of the columns were rumored to have been taken from the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus.It only took 10,000 workers five years and 10 months to complete its construction, which, if compared with St. Peter’s Basilica, is just a speck of time, as it took the latter 144 years to construct.Even though it was built rapidly, the basilica’s architecture and engineering were not rushed. Its colossal 108-foot dome gives the entire building room to breathe and is supported by four pendentives and two smaller semi-domes. The bottom of the main dome is surrounded by 40 arched windows, allowing light to cascade into the main nave, making the dome look like it is hovering above the structure.Fun fact: the dome also offers unique acoustics. Voices take a bassy tone when inside the building, as the building has an exceptionally long reverberation time. Hagia Sophia has a reverberation time of eight seconds, which is three times longer than most concert venues today.

How Hagia Sophia Has Seen the Rise and Fall of Two Empires 

Hagia Sophia - A mythical masterpiece from a bygone era

It is a big part of pop culture thanks to its many depictions in movies and today we are going to look at what makes this enormous building so special.

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Few pieces of Architecture have become symbols of the city they reside in; buildings that became part of pop culture, inspiring greats and mundane alike. One such building of this stature is the Empire State Building. As the population grew and space to construct new buildings became sparse, there was only one way to go- up. The economic boom of the 1920s fostered fierce competition between corporations based in New York for the bragging rights to the tallest building- in not just the city but also the world. Shreve, Lamb &amp; Harmon, an architectural firm based out of New York, decided to test the limits of modern architecture and to dethrone the then-tallest building, the Chrysler Building, standing at 1005 ft. The project on 34th street in Manhattan began in troubled times. Despite the world experiencing arguably the worst financial crises ever, Empire State Inc. soldiered on with construction, fearful of devastating losses if they stopped development. 41 million dollars of their money, equalling 595 million dollars today adjusted for inflation, resulted in the 1250 ft, 102-story skyscraper. A chaotic and rather unsafe work environment hosted 3500 workers who constructed the colossus in just 410 days, glimpses of which are found in the iconic frames of Lewis Hine. Such a building of this size came with its own set of problems. The challenge of providing water, power, and ventilation to all floors made the architects dedicate the center of the buildings to utilities alone. This space houses 73 elevators, permitting navigation to all corners of the building.Although construction finished in 1931, Empire State Inc. would not make profits until the 1950s, with the Great Depression and its ill effects leaving three-quarters of the office spaces in the building empty long after its opening. However, the group would continue to invest in improving the building, a practice that follows to date, with adaptations made to the building to suit changing times.An antenna was added in the ‘50s, topping the building at a staggering 1454 ft. The building has two state-of-the-art observation decks now- on the 86th and 102nd floors. An upgraded air condition system, “super windows” to minimize heat exchange, low-flow bathroom fixtures, and green cleaning supplies would bring the building into the 21st century.The skyscraper, originally intended as an office building, now brings 4 million visitors annually, generating 43 million dollars every year. Its significance, however, remains priceless, as is its iconic design and cultural relevance.

Built in 1931, the Empire State Building is one of the most memorable and recognizable parts of the New York skyline.

Its 1454 feet size and Art Deco architectural style makes it stand out among any other building in its vicinity.

The Empire State building: From office building to pop culture icon

Built in the 1930s to provide hydroelectric power and help control floods in the Colorado River, the Hoover Dam is a testament to human ingenuity and determination.

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One of the world’s most <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds" title="iconic builds" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds">iconic builds</a> is this dam on the border between Nevada and Arizona, United States of America. The Boulder dam has stood the test of time for almost a century. What didn’t however, was its name when 31st U. S president Herbert Hoover controversially renamed the dam, Hoover Dam. The multifaceted architectural marvel serves as a bridge over the Colorado river, providing power to the surrounding states and playing a role in controlling floods. Not only did it play a vital role in the conception of the world’s most famous desert city, Las Vegas, but the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/video/comparison-of-hoover-dam-in-1941-vs-today-reveals-stark-differences" title="Hoover Dam" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/video/comparison-of-hoover-dam-in-1941-vs-today-reveals-stark-differences">Hoover Dam</a> also continues to generate enough power for 1.3 million people annually.Although the idea for the dam was incepted in one of the world’s worst economic crises, the Great Depression didn’t stop the US government from beginning construction in 1931. Such was the unprecedented level of complexity that companies needed to pool their resources to win the construction contract. The project also became a relief to the scores of people who set up camp next to the site for a chance to work on the dam- a sign of the desperation of the times. However, not all of these laborers would see the dam complete, with sources citing carbon monoxide poisoning and pneumonia to be the villain.Such an architectural feat did not come easy, however. The Colorado river bed is made up of loose sand and gravel and hence needed a solution for constructing the dam’s foundation to be devised. Workers dug down to reach solid rock atop which the foundation was then built. This is significant because the dam, designed to be a concrete art gravity dam, uses the weight of the concrete to hold the water back. Hence, five million barrels of cement needed to be used. <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hoover-dam-explosion" title="The Hoover Dam" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/hoover-dam-explosion">The Hoover Dam</a> serves more purposes than just holding back water and looking majestic while at it. In addition to housing a hydroelectric power plant, the dam provides irrigation water to the farmers in the southwest. Several innovative technologies were incorporated to make the dam efficient. The spillway designed to channel excess water away from the dam and prevent damage to its structure is a fine example. The dam’s timeless design is a testament to the optimism and progress of the time it was built; it is one of the most sought-after sights by engineering and architectural enthusiasts alike.

The Hoover Dam is more than 726 ft, or 221 m tall, and it is one of the tallest dams in the United States.

The Hoover Dam: an engineering and artistic masterpiece

Taipei 101 is a supertall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan's Xinyi District. It stands 508 meters tall and has 101 storeys above ground and 5 levels below ground.

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If you have ever been to the city of Taipei in Taiwan, you can&#39;t miss this building. The Taipei 101 was actually the world’s tallest building from 2004 until 2010 but remains to be the tallest building in Taiwan. This huge structure has a lot to offer from its amenities, commercial spaces, and public observatory, but what’s interesting about it is the engineering and architecture behind it. The Taipei 101 stands a total of 1671 feet (509m) with 101 floors and 5 basement levels. This skyscraper was built by KTRT Joint Venture and was designed by C.Y. Lee &amp; Partners. Aside from being such a tall building, what makes it stand out is its unique architectural design that actually took inspiration from ancient Chinese pagodas.The exterior of the building is made out of glass and aluminum panels that are positioned under a distinctive hexagonal pattern. If this wasn’t cool enough, the exterior can actually be programmed to display different color patterns with its LED lighting system. Just think about how cool this would look at nighttime and during special occasions like the new year’s celebration with fireworks all around. A skyscraper like this building definitely has a lot of floor levels. The Taipei 101 has a public observatory deck, which makes it a must-visit for tourists and locals alike to witness an outstanding panoramic view of the city. Located near the top of the building, one must think it might take a while in the elevator to reach the observatory but that’s not the case. The building actually has some fast elevators that could reach the observatory from the ground floor in just 37 seconds. Another thing that makes this building fascinating aside from its architecture is the system it has to maintain structural stability. The Taipei 101 houses a massive damper between the 88th and 92nd stories of the building. The purpose of this damper system is to combat earthquakes and strong winds that would otherwise cause the building to sway.The innovative damper system of the building is a 730-ton(730000.0 kg) gold-covered orb that swings like a pendulum in response to the forces of nature. It is a passive damping system that works using the natural movement of the building and gravitational force to minimize sway by 30 to 40 percent. There is a lot more about Taiwan’s tallest building that makes it iconic. Should you plan to visit the country’s capital city soon, don’t forget to check it out and be mesmerized by its beauty.

The building incorporates double-deck elevators built by the Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation.

The Wonders of Taipei 101: A Skyscraper Like No Other

The wonders of Taipei 101: A skyscraper like no other

Did you know this is the most complicated building ever created?

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Planning already for the next travel destination? Should you plan to visit Asia, it would be nice to check out Singapore, one of the Asian Tigers of the continent. Singapore is home to several attractions starting from its world-class airport, the Merlion, the Botanic Garden, and more. But if you are into a luxurious lifestyle, entertainment, and fan of architecture, one thing that you shouldn’t miss when visiting the country is Marina Bay Sands.This marvelous structure is known for having three high-rise buildings with a huge boat-shaped structure on top. The Marina Bay Sands is actually an integrated resort owned by Las Vegas Sands Corporation and was designed by Safdie Architects. The design of the building is actually inspired by a house of cards. Two cards facing together form a triangle and laying another card flat on top of these two cards would create pressure to bend the two cards inward. This is the concept behind the three buildings of the resort which can be seen as three house cards connected by three flat cards on top, representing the boat-like structure. Marina Bay Sands has three 55-story towers with a boat-like sky park on top measured to be 1.2 hectares(12000.00 m²). It offers a different kind of experience from hotel rooms, casinos, museums, public spaces, and many more. It even houses the world’s largest infinity edge pool with a capacity of almost a million and a half liters of water. Aside from the luxurious experience this integrated resort provides its guests, it actually has a lot to offer from its architecture, engineering, and interior. The design was created to integrate the building according to Singapore’s dynamic urban city landscape. Initially, the plan was to create a single massive tower but was later changed to the current and iconic three-tower structure with a boat on top. The way that the Marina Bay Sands is structured allowed the pedestrian street to become the focal point of civic life. Several architectural integrations were also set in place as design solutions to some problems encountered while building, allowing it to become an engineering marvel. From the inside to the outside, the Marina Bay Sands is truly a breathtaking and iconic building. This beautiful structure should be on your list of places to visit if you ever plan on going to Singapore. Whether a fan of luxury or not, being able to see this building in person to appreciate it is already something not to miss.

The Marina Bay Sands dwells in Singapore and is the vocal point of the city. Its three towers stand tall and house many attractions.

Marina Bay Sands: An engineering Marvel

The basilica was designed by Gaudi to be bathed in natural light, and the stained glass windows and skylights inside create a beautiful and serene atmosphere.

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It is a dream for many devout Roman Catholics to visit places that are deemed sacred or with an affinity to the religion. The list most likely includes Jerusalem and the Vatican, where the pope resides. Aside from these religious sites, now included in the list is the Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família or also known as La Sagrada Familia.Located in Barcelona, Spain, this building is a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church and is soon to be the largest once completed. This church is truly one of a kind and is very unique compared to other Roman Catholic churches built. Its overall design and architecture would truly be appreciated by anyone who can witness it in person, regardless of religion. The majestic structure was designed by <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/antoni-gaudi-gods-architect-who-brought-buildings-to-life" title="Antoni Gaudi" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/antoni-gaudi-gods-architect-who-brought-buildings-to-life">Antoni Gaudi</a> and its construction actually began in 1882 and is expected to be finished by 2026. Even if it would take more than 100 years to be completed, it is without a doubt, worth the wait due to the building’s intricate design.The building is estimated to reach 172 meters in height once it is completed. One of the features of La Sagrada Familia that quickly distinguishes it from other churches is its many towering spires. A total of 18 spires are needed to complete the design of the building. Four of the eighteen spires symbolize the four evangelists, twelve spires symbolize the apostles, one symbolizes the Virgin Mary, and the final spire in the middle, which is the tallest, symbolizes Jesus Christ. Over the years, computer technology was integrated into the building of the church in order to aid in the design process even after Gaudi died. Mark Burry and Jane Burry developed a mathematical system that allowed a geometric language to predict how Gaudi himself would have designed the remaining parts of the church. Later on, other technologies like robotics were also integrated into the building process such as the carving of stones, 3D printed scale models, and laser technologies.  There are a lot of reasons behind the delays in building La Sagrada Familia. This includes certain events in history that actually halted and delayed the process, leading into the present time where its already been more than 100 years and is still under construction. In the absence of any major delays, the structure is said to be completed in time for Gaudi’s 100th death anniversary. Despite the unfinished status, people can still access <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/13-architectural-oddities-that-are-beautifully-weird" title="La Sagrada Familia" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/13-architectural-oddities-that-are-beautifully-weird">La Sagrada Familia</a> and appreciate the beauty of its iconic build. Who knows how much more magnificent this structure will be once it is finished?

Despite the unfinished status, people can still access La Sagrada Familia and appreciate the beauty of its iconic build.

Why is the Antoni Gaudi's Sagrada Familia unfinished?

The Burj Khalifa tower is much more than just the world’s tallest building. For many people, it symbolizes the limitless power of the human mind.

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What’s the first picture that comes into your mind when you hear the word “<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-tallest-residential-tower-dubai" title="Dubai" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-tallest-residential-tower-dubai">Dubai</a>”? I don’t know about you but for most people, it’s the image of Burj Khalifa — the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds" title="iconic" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds">iconic</a> skyscraper that completely changed the way people perceive the Middle East, and especially the UAE.The Burj Khalifa tower is much more than just <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/saudi-plans-2km-long-worlds-tallest-tower" title="the world’s tallest building" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/saudi-plans-2km-long-worlds-tallest-tower">the world’s tallest building</a>. For many people, it symbolizes the limitless power of the human mind. Back in the stone age, who’d have even thought that one-day humans would create a building that will rise above the clouds? With a staggering height of 2,717 ft. (828 m), 164 ft. (51.2 m) deep foundation, and the world’s highest outdoor observation deck, Burj Khalifa is no less than an architectural miracle. The building hosts an average of 35,000 residents on any given day, and it demands about 36 mW of electric power and 250,000 gallons of water daily. Even at the time of its construction, about 12,000 builders and contractors used to visit the site every day, and it took 22 million person-hours to complete the whole structure. The amount of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/a-new-kind-of-concrete-can-repair-itself" title="concrete" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/a-new-kind-of-concrete-can-repair-itself">concrete</a> that was poured into Burj Khalifa’s foundation alone can fill 18 Olympic-size swimming pools. Plus, If you extract all the aluminum from Burj Khalifa, you would need five Airbus A 380 airlines to store the same, and by the way, A 380 is the world’s largest passenger airplane.  You can actually build a steel path extending to one-fourth of the Earth’s map from the 31,500 metric tons of steel used in making this 206-story <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/saudi-arabia-cubed-skyscraper-futuristic-riyadh" title="skyscraper" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/saudi-arabia-cubed-skyscraper-futuristic-riyadh">skyscraper</a>. Forget aluminum and steel, how does a person even travel inside such a massive building? Well, the answer is “lift”. There are 57 elevators and eight escalators in the building, and on top of that, the main service elevator works like a superhero. It travels at a speed of 29 ft. per second (10 m/s) and covers a distance long enough to make it the number one elevator in the world — in terms of both height and length to which an elevator travels. However, despite being loaded with all such uncanny features. Similar to any remarkable human creation, the Khalifa tower also takes its inspiration from mother nature. The wind-resistance design of Burj Khalifa has been taken from the spider lily, a flower that blooms at the peak of hurricane season. The Y-shaped design allows this uncanny skyscraper to face the most fierce winds gracefully and because of the spider-lily-like design, winds pass through the building without creating any vortex that could sway the structure.It does sway at the top by 6.5 ft (2 m), though, but as is the case with everything — nothing is perfect. Words will never be enough to express the grandeur of this architectural royalty.  Some places are known by the people and some places are known for their culture, but for Dubai, it’s Burj Khalifa —- a glorious structure that embodies the height of human imagination and engineering.

Burj Khalifa is known for being the tallest building in the world, standing at 2,717 feet (828 m).

The Burj Khalifa tower is much more than just the world’s tallest building

The Burj Khalifa: The world's tallest building

In Copenhagen, there is a bizarre-looking yet almost fitting skyline building; the building in question is called Amager Bakke (CopenHill).

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How would you feel living 200m away from a waste incineration plant? Could the ability to ski down its roof make it palatable? Well, that is what the residents of Copenhagen face. Built within an industrial area of Copenhagen and visible from miles around, Amager Bakke is a bizarre-looking building that houses a waste-to-energy plant designed to provide up to 72,000 homes with power. Right from its inception, the aim was to be economically, environmentally, and socially profitable, and the plant converts 440,000 tons of waste into energy annually. Rather than house the plant in a corner that would soon be unfavorable to nearby residents, the architects at the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) decided that the building would be of better use to the public to enjoy through the seasons: hiking trails, playgrounds, and fitness structures during the summer, and ski slopes during the winter.The building houses all the machinery for the plant inside and requires a complicated structure constructed using steel. This superstructure, whose facade constitutes 1,000 aluminum bricks on steel sandwich panels, is a testament to architecture. The placement of machinery within is based on their height, thus creating a ski slope the size of two-and-a-half soccer fields.The plant ingests up to 300 truckloads of waste on any given day, waste that is leftover from recycling and sorting household and business-generated waste across the metropolitan area. The plant integrates technology dubbed “DynaGrate” which does not require a stoppage when situations such as metal content in the waste occur. DynaGrate is also water-cooled, thus reducing NOx formation and energy used up by fans. These factors contribute to lower operating costs than traditional methods.However, Copenhagen’s increasing efficiency in reuse and recycling has now presented a new problem: the plant is running out of its most important fuel source, rubbish. A decision to import rubbish from Denmark&#39;s neighbors had to be made to keep up energy production.Another issue the plant faces is a dispute regarding much-needed repairs for the ski slope between the owner Amager Bakke and its insurance company Tryg. The ski slope is at risk of an indefinite closure if the foundation loses its case to win repairs estimated at $1.5 million.Amager Bakke and Denmark set an interesting question: what does the future hold? What if we all become so efficient? Only time will tell if the building gets reduced to merely an architectural feat.

CopenHill: The Story of Iconic Clean Energy Plant With Its Own Ski Slope

CopenHill: The story of iconic clean energy plant with its own ski slope

Season 1

Here is its story: If you want to know how Cologne Cathedral has survived. 

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Click on the link below to get a special 30-day Skillshare free trial! https://skl.sh/interestingengineeringThe Cologne <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/architects-propose-new-solar-powered-roof-for-notre-dame-cathedral" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/architects-propose-new-solar-powered-roof-for-notre-dame-cathedral">Cathedral</a> is a remarkable example of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-39-greatest-constructions-of-gothic-architecture-in-the-world" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-39-greatest-constructions-of-gothic-architecture-in-the-world">Gothic architecture</a> and German Catholicism that has captured the hearts of millions of visitors from all over the world. Located in the heart of the city, it is the most visited landmark in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-best-engineering-schools-in-germany" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-best-engineering-schools-in-germany">Germany</a>, attracting approximately 20,000 visitors every day.The construction of the Cologne Cathedral began in 1248 and lasted for over 600 years. Despite the extended period, it is an outstanding monument that has stood the test of time, dominating the city&#39;s skyline. However, the history of the Cologne Cathedral dates back to the early Christian period, with Christian <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/uk-church-spires-can-now-boost-phone-coverage-and-wireless-network" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/uk-church-spires-can-now-boost-phone-coverage-and-wireless-network">churches</a> standing in the same spot since the fourth century.One of the most remarkable features of the Cologne Cathedral is its height. At 515 ft. (157 m), it is the tallest twin-spired church globally, featuring the second-tallest spires and the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe. It was also the tallest building in the world when it was completed on August 14, 1880, and remained so until 1884.The cathedral&#39;s interior is a treasure trove of diverse works of art, spanning different eras and styles. The oldest stained-glass windows in the cathedral date back to the 13th century, and they remain a testament to the skilled craftsmanship of that era. More recently, in 2007, a massive stained-glass window designed by Cologne-based artist Gerhard Richter was installed, replacing 19th-century glass shattered during <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-submarines-that-sank-themselves-during-world-war-ii" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-submarines-that-sank-themselves-during-world-war-ii">World War II</a>.While the Cologne Cathedral remains a remarkable architectural and artistic masterpiece, its upkeep is a significant challenge. The current key priorities of the Cologne Cathedral Workshop are the maintenance and safeguarding of the priceless historical windows and the restoration of the stonework, which has been significantly harmed by weathering and climatic factors.Despite these challenges, the Cologne Cathedral continues to be an iconic symbol of German Catholicism, attracting visitors from all over the world who come to marvel at its grandeur and beauty. It has become a symbol of the city of Cologne, a testament to the remarkable craftsmanship and dedication of its builders, and a symbol of faith and hope for generations to come.*This video might include a promotion about one of Interesting Engineering&#39;s partners. By shopping with us, you not only get the materials you need, but you’re also supporting our website.

Discover the history and beauty of Germany's most visited landmark, the Cologne Cathedral. Explore Gothic architecture, art, and restoration efforts.

The cologne cathedral: a masterpiece of gothic architecture

The incredible story of Cologne Cathedral's 600-year construction

Here is its story: If you want to know what happened to this structure that survived many disasters.

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Saint Basil&#39;s <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/major-fire-breaks-out-in-notre-dame-cathedral" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/major-fire-breaks-out-in-notre-dame-cathedral">Cathedral</a>, located in Red Square in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ak-47-store-opens-in-moscow-airport" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ak-47-store-opens-in-moscow-airport">Moscow</a>, is a prominent landmark of the city and one of the most recognizable buildings in the world. The cathedral&#39;s unique architecture and vibrant colors make it a must-see attraction for tourists visiting the Russian capital.The cathedral was constructed between 1554 and 1560 by order of Tsar Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible. The tsar commissioned the construction of the church to commemorate his military victory over the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates. The cathedral was dedicated to Saint Basil the Blessed, a Russian holy man who had lived in the 16th century.Although the identity of the architect or architects who designed the cathedral is not known with certainty, it is widely believed to have been the work of Barma and Posnik, two Russian architects who may have been the same person. The cathedral&#39;s design is a departure from traditional Russian <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds/season-1/ep-9-hagia-sophia-a-mythical-masterpiece-from-a-bygone-era" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds/season-1/ep-9-hagia-sophia-a-mythical-masterpiece-from-a-bygone-era">Orthodox church architecture</a>, which typically featured simple, symmetrical structures with onion domes. Saint Basil&#39;s Cathedral, on the other hand, features nine onion-shaped domes of various sizes and colors, arranged in a seemingly chaotic pattern.The cathedral&#39;s facade is decorated with a variety of bricks and ceramics in swirling patterns and candy-striped colors, giving it a lively and vibrant appearance. The use of such bright and colorful materials was unusual in Russian architecture at the time, and it is believed that the cathedral&#39;s designers drew inspiration from the colorful tiles and mosaics of the Byzantine Empire.Despite its chaotic exterior, the cathedral&#39;s interior is surprisingly restrained, with sparse ornamentation and narrow passageways. The interior is home to numerous priceless works of art, including frescoes, portraits, landscape paintings, and an iconostasis with more than 400 works of art from Moscow and Novgorod iconography from the 16th to the 19th century.Throughout its history, Saint Basil&#39;s Cathedral has survived numerous disasters and undergone many renovations. In the 18th century, the cathedral&#39;s interior was renovated, and many of its original frescoes were replaced with new paintings. During the Soviet era, the cathedral was converted into a museum, and some of its religious artifacts were removed.Today, Saint Basil&#39;s Cathedral remains a symbol of Moscow&#39;s rich history and unique architecture. Its distinctive design and vibrant colors make it one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world, and a must-see attraction for anyone visiting the Russian capital.

Explore the vibrant colors and unique architecture of Saint Basil's Cathedral, a symbol of Moscow's rich history and must-see attraction for tourists

Discover moscow's iconic saint basil's cathedral

St. Basil's Cathedral: A marvel of Russian architecture

Are you ready to learn the details of the architecture of the most luxurious and iconic hotel built with an island of its own in Dubai?

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Don&#39;t miss out on the amazing deals with our affiliate links! Get 6% OFF by using the discount code ICONICBUILDS6. <a href="https://tidd.ly/3Jr0E6D" title="https://tidd.ly/3Jr0E6D" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie">Tiqets General</a> - <a href="https://tidd.ly/3myHG4Z" title="https://tidd.ly/3myHG4Z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie">Burj Al Arab</a> When we think of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/worlds-largest-sailing-ship-orient-2026" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/worlds-largest-sailing-ship-orient-2026">luxury</a>, many things come to mind, from large mansions with <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/tesla-swimming-pool-accident" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/tesla-swimming-pool-accident">swimming pools</a> to exotic vacations on far-flung beaches. But when we hear the word &quot;gold,&quot; there is one image that stands out above all others:<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/video/todays-most-impressive-civil-engineering-projects" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/video/todays-most-impressive-civil-engineering-projects"> the Burj Al Arab</a>.The Burj Al Arab is a hotel in <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/dubai-to-get-the-worlds-first-3d-printed-mosque-by-2025" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/dubai-to-get-the-worlds-first-3d-printed-mosque-by-2025">Dubai</a>, United Arab Emirates, that is widely regarded as one of the most luxurious hotels in the world. The building&#39;s unique design, inspired by the sail of a ship, has become an iconic symbol of Arabian luxury.But the Burj Al Arab&#39;s beauty is more than skin deep. The <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/giant-machines/season-1/ep-6-the-5-giant-trucks-to-make-your-inner-child-happy" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/giant-machines/season-1/ep-6-the-5-giant-trucks-to-make-your-inner-child-happy">construction</a> of the hotel was a feat of engineering that required complex and innovative solutions to achieve its spectacular design.Built on an<a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/7-curious-facts-about-dubais-palm-islands" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/7-curious-facts-about-dubais-palm-islands"> island</a>, the hotel&#39;s foundation required the driving of 754-foot-long concrete pillars into the sand to provide stability. The island had to be low enough to give the impression that the hotel was floating on the water, which required extensive earthmoving and excavation work.The building&#39;s exterior walls were reinforced with <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds/season-2/ep-4-the-eiffel-tower-is-it-an-iron-pile-or-a-masterpiece" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds/season-2/ep-4-the-eiffel-tower-is-it-an-iron-pile-or-a-masterpiece">giant metal</a> trusses, each 85 cm thick, which support the two side beams and the large concrete &quot;pillar&quot; diagonally. The result is a building that is both beautiful and structurally sound.Inside, the Burj Al Arab is no less impressive. The hotel is adorned with 24,000 square meters of marble and precious stones, as well as 2,000 square meters of <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-much-gold-is-in-your-computer-and-how-efficient-it-is-to-reclaim-it" title="" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-much-gold-is-in-your-computer-and-how-efficient-it-is-to-reclaim-it">gold</a> leaf. The attention to detail is evident in every corner of the hotel, from the luxurious suites to the world-class restaurants and spa facilities.But the Burj Al Arab is more than just a hotel. It is a symbol of the ambitious urban imagination that has made Dubai one of the most dynamic cities in the world. The investment in the latest construction technology and design innovation that went into the Burj Al Arab is a testament to the vision and determination of the people who built it.In conclusion, the Burj Al Arab is more than just a hotel or a building. It is a global icon of Arabian luxury and a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of its builders. From its unique design to its innovative engineering solutions, the Burj Al Arab is a true masterpiece of modern architecture and an inspiration to people around the world.

Discover the iconic Burj Al Arab, a global symbol of Arabian luxury. Explore its spectacular design and engineering at Dubai's premier hotel.

Experience the Ultimate in Luxury at Dubai's Burj Al Arab

The global icon of Arabian luxury: Burj Al Arab

The story of this huge tower, which took two years to build and the names of artists engraved on it to escape artist criticism, is full of changes.

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What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the Iron Lady? If your answer is Thatcher, you are not French. Because when you say &quot;La dame de fer&quot; to French people, of course, the first thing that comes to their mind is the <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/23-eiffel-tower-facts-youll-be-surprised-to-read" title="Eiffel tower" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/23-eiffel-tower-facts-youll-be-surprised-to-read">Eiffel tower</a>.So, what is the reason for creating this iron pile, which has a unique name, is a cultural icon, and draws 6 million tourists annually?The story of the Eiffel tower, described as a technological masterpiece in some places, begins with a competition held by the French government to celebrate the revolution. It was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World’s Fair.  The project that belonged to entrepreneur <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/alexandre-gustave-eiffel-magician-of-iron" title="Gustave Eiffel" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/alexandre-gustave-eiffel-magician-of-iron">Gustave Eiffel</a>, engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, and architect Stephen Sauvestre, was chosen from among 107 projects. The assembly of the supports began on July 1, 1887, and was completed twenty-two months later. Originally intended as a temporary exhibit, the Eiffel Tower was nearly demolished and scrapped in 1909. But Gustave Eiffel found a viable reason to convince the city government it should stay. This persuasion resulted in the city government realizing that the tower could be used as a radiotelegraph station, and the tower remained in place without being dismantled.It was to be designed like a large pylon with four columns of latticework girders, separated at the base and coming together at the top, joined to each other by more metal girders at regular intervals.  The Eiffel Tower marked a clear departure from the Neo-Gothic, Neo-Renaissance, and Neo-Baroque styles prevalent in the 18th and 19th centuries. The inspiration for the design came from the Latting Observatory built in New York City in 1853.As a result, a design that differed significantly from Sauvastre&#39;s first proposal, which included large halls with glass walls, monumental arches, and stone carvings, emerged. The project was simplified at this point, with elements such as the arches at its base remaining to give it a more distinctive appearance. Each of the 18,000 pieces used to construct the tower were specifically designed and calculated, traced out to an accuracy of a tenth of a millimeter and then put together forming new pieces around 16 feet (5 meters) each.All metal parts in this structure were made using the hot riveting technique, a very sophisticated construction method for that period. You can see this process in greater detail by watching our well-received hot riveting video.  Although the metalwork had been prepared with the greatest care, minor adjustments were made to align the legs precisely; hydraulic jacks capable of exerting a force of 800 tonnes(881short tons) were attached to the shoes at the base of each leg, and the legs were deliberately constructed at a slightly steeper angle than necessary, being supported by sandboxes on the scaffolding.The four-sided tower is divided into four parts based on height: the lower part, between the floor and the first floor (187 ft/ 57.63 m). The second part, between the first and second floor (377 ft/115.73 m from the ground), The third is between the second and third floor (located at  905 ft/276.13 m), and the fourth is from the third to the top (1,062 ft/ 324 m above ground). Four distinct pillars characterize the first part, and from the second floor, these pillars merge into a single column that rises to the top. The tower is 1,083 ft (330 metres) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Although there were many rumors that Gustave Eiffel had an apartment building on the top floor of the tower that no one was allowed to enter and that he worked there, visitors learned the truth of this only after 2016. Today, after being off-limits for years, the apartment can be viewed through a window by visitors who buy a ticket to the top.  Because of their unique shape, which was dictated partly by engineering considerations but also partly by Eiffel’s artistic sense, the piers required elevators to ascend on a curve. The glass-cage machines designed by an American company became one of the principal features of the building. These elevators provide visitors a fantastic view as they ride to the top of the tower. This tower moves in the wind. All parts of the tower were over-designed to ensure maximum resistance to wind forces.  Many mathematical hypotheses have been developed that the tower is windproof. The most recent of these is as a non-linear integral equation based on counteracting the wind pressure on any point of the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point.The names of 72 scientists, <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-20-greatest-engineers-of-all-time" title="engineers" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-20-greatest-engineers-of-all-time">engineers</a> and mathematicians who contributed to the construction of the tower were engraved.  Of course, this did not stop many artists and engineers from protesting the tower, as they saw the structure as a huge pylon spoiling the view of Parisians.  We leave you with the Eiffel Tower, which is known to some as one of the most magnificent representations of modernism and industrialization, and the question in the joint statement made by artists whose &quot;aesthetic sensitivity&quot; is beyond doubt.  “Is the City of Paris willing to dishonor itself by associating itself with the baroque and mercantile whims of a machine builder, thereby rendering itself irreparably ugly?”

The Eiffel Tower is an iconic 324-meter (1,063 feet) tall landmark in Paris, France. Over 250 million people have visited since 1889, making it one of the world's most famous structures.

The majestic Eiffel Tower: a symbol of Paris

The Eiffel Tower: Is it an iron pile or a masterpiece?

These city projects are candidates to become one of the most iconic structures in the future.

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The importance of this project comes from the fact that it will change Saudi Arabia&#39;s dependence on oil income, apart from the fact that it will take the lead by far in sustainability. The press release said that the new Murabba project, which stretches 19 km, will be built according to the concept of sustainability and will add 180 billion Saudi Riyal (about $47 billion) to Saudi Arabia&#39;s non-oil gross domestic product.This project also shows the importance of giving direction to the Saudi 2030 vision, which is to diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, sustainability, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.The Mukaab project focuses on sustainable neighborhoods and provides residents in each neighborhood with access to housing, employment, and entertainment opportunities within a 15-minute walking radius.This project, which is said to be larger than we can imagine, is building a geographical region rather than a brand-new city. Therefore, transportation opportunities in such an extensive network are also exceptionally high.These accessible living spaces will be connected via public transportation to 100,000 residential units and 9,000 hotel rooms, and special community facilities.So, does the fact that this project is about building an ample and smart living space is enough to make it iconic?Of course not! it’s The Mukaab: an advanced technological structure planned to be 400 meters(1312 feet) long, wide, and high. This structure, which is the first to be seen, resembles Kaaba due to its cubic shape. However, this structure is almost 30 times the size of the latter. According to the Saudi government, The Mukaab has no link with the Kaaba,the shape of the two buildings is very similar.From the comments on social media, questions arise about whether the Saudi Government will create a new rival center to Mecca, apart from being a social life center.The fact that Riyadh is a city called the modern face of Saudi Arabia can be said that this project is a new opportunity for the modernization of Saudi Arabia.We also agree with the example of the Eiffel Tower when the greatness of buildings is a symbol of modernization.To give you an example to show you how great The Mukaab is: You can fit precisely 20 Empire State buildings in The Mukaab. It is stated that a modernized version of the traditional Al Najd architecture will be used to construct the building. Najdi architectural style&quot;, about Najd, the central Arabian ancestral homeland of the ruling Al-Saud dynasty.This means there are mimicking elements of historic Saudi riverside villages with compact clusters of dwellings separated by narrow roads, protecting people from the glaring sun&#39;s heat. The Mukaab is a candidate to become one of the most iconic structures in the future. This project, which will reveal a new architectural understanding in addition to being the future city, may also provide hints about the next generation of urbanization.Saudi Arabia brings technological innovation and sustainability together in the middle of the desert not only with The Mukaab project but also with the Neom project.Neom is a utopia with a mountain where you can do winter sports, a farm that allows animals to live in their natural habitat, and a developed trade center.Built on the principle of preserving nature, Neom allows animals to continue their lives in their natural habitats while offering you a living space on a luxury island called Sindalah.Aiming to bring people from every sector and lifestyle together, this mega-project includes a city center called Oxagon for advanced industries, apart from the most realistic imitations of natural habitats.In 2022, with sustainable energy and the world&#39;s most extensive green hydrogen production plant system, the designers of Neom created applications that break new ground in technology and allow the creation of the most sustainable living space of the future.It may seem like a big contrast that Saudi Arabia, one of the world&#39;s largest producers of fossil resources, is realizing one of these significant sustainability projects.But, it is not surprising for Saudi Arabia, which is conscious of living in the middle of the desert with limited natural resources.With these two projects, it seems possible to say that the iconic buildings of the future are cities that provide sustainable living spaces to the world population.

Modernized Version Of The Traditional Al Najd Architecture

Future Oasis In The Middle Of The Desert 

Future of cities will rise in Saudi Arabia 

Can a building be truly earthquake-proof? These 3 buildings make a pretty good case that they actually can be. 

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We are going to take a look at 3 different structures from 3 different countries which deal with the threat of earthquakes in their own way.Tokyo SkytreeSituated right on the infamous Ring of Fire, Japan has a history of disastrous earthquakes and tsunamis following them. Because earthquakes are such a common occurrence, the Japanese government has been taking the necessary measures to prevent the damage by building structures that are specifically designed to withstand earthquakes, rebuilding certain buildings when needed and even passing laws that limit the size of skyscrapers.The tallest structure in Japan, the Tokyo Skytree Tower is a textbook example of how Japanese engineers deal with the constant threat of earthquakes by applying the most creative solutions. Tokyo Skytree has conventional qualities that make a tower earthquake resistant, like exceptionally strong and rigid steel tubes at its base. But what makes this tower special is in the center. Inspired by traditional 5 story pagoda designs in Japan’s history, engineers built a central column in the tower that is not attached to the rest of the tower. This column acts as a counterweight during an earthquake and shakes independently from the tower, counteracting the impact of seismic waves.Utah State CapitolWhile the Japanese build everything with earthquakes in mind, the story of the Utah State Capitol is a bit different. When it was built in the 1910s, financial limitations prevented the government from building the structure according to Richard Kletting&#39;s original design. A study later revealed that the Utah State Capitol was vulnerable even to moderate earthquakes, proving that the building was in dire need of renovations. Almost a hundred years after its completion, the building&#39;s foundation was removed completely. To make sure it could withstand an earthquake, engineers first isolated the structure from its base. A new concrete mat was poured and a total of 280 base isolators were installed over this mat, just under the original support columns. The isolators, made from layers of laminated rubber, ensure the building will rock more gently in case of an earthquake.The renovation of the Utah State Capitol building cost a total of $260 million in 2008 and proved something very important. Earthquake proofing buildings retroactively is a possibility, even if the original structure was faulty. Taipei 101We already covered this colossal building in another episode, but we never got deep into what makes it so resistant to earthquakes. Also located near the dreaded Ring of Fire, Taiwan gets its fair share of earthquakes. There are currently 42 active fault lines in the country and the east coast of the country goes through countless earthquakes due to the convergence of the Philippine Sea and Eurasian tectonic plates. The world&#39;s tallest building from 2004 to 2009, Taipei 101 is equipped with several precautions that make the building especially durable. It is said that the building can withstand the strongest earthquakes in a 2,500-year cycle.The skyscraper&#39;s high resistance against earthquakes comes from a mix of flexibility and a solid foundation. To prevent structural damage, the building is able to sway with earthquakes and even typhoons. 380 piles, each driven 280 meters into the ground, create a rock-steady foundation. But maybe the most interesting feature of this building is the 660-ton pendulum, hanging from the 92nd floor. Like the central column of Tokyo Skytree, the pendulum&#39;s out-of-phase motion creates an inertial force that abates the resonant vibrations caused by winds and earthquakes, reducing the impact of these forces on the building.Inguniety of engineers created a number of ways to minimize the damage caused by natural disasters. Foresight and responsible budgeting play a huge factor in using their discoveries to save lives. We can&#39;t stop earthquakes, sooner or later, they will come. So the only thing we can do is to be prepared when the inevitable comes.

Earthquakes are a problem for the whole world. But some countries have to deal with it more often than others.

The Most Earthquake-Proof Buildings in 3 Different Countries

What makes these 3 buildings earthquake-proof?

One of the most famous landmarks in Italy, The Leaning Tower of Pisa has been tilted since the day it was built. But why is it tilted like that?

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The most famous <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-15-most-evil-looking-buildings-around-the-world" title="building" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/the-15-most-evil-looking-buildings-around-the-world">building</a> in the world notorious for its flaws rather than its beauty has to be the tower of Pisa- appropriately named the Leaning Tower of Pisa. A building so <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds" title="iconic" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/ie-originals/iconic-builds">iconic</a> that it is synonymous with any thought about Italy, the Leaning Tower of Pisa draws 5 million tourists annually. Originally intended as a bell tower for the Pisa Cathedral complex, the Tower of Pisa has been tilting slightly since the day it was built. Although the architect responsible for it remains a mystery, the two touted candidates are Bonanno Pisano and Diotisalvi.Construction of the tower began in 1173, a period of constant conflict for the Republic of Pisa and hence, a time of scarce resources. When they got to build the second floor, the foundation started to sink, with the ground being unstable. The city, however, remained undeterred and continued construction while compensating for the tile by building one side slightly taller than the other. The tower exudes a style heavily influenced by Romanesque and Gothic styles of architecture, giving it a unique flair. The long, drawn-out construction is said to have helped the tower’s cause, with the ground being able to settle down and stabilize throughout, without which the Tower of Pisa might well have met a fate not too dissimilar to that of the Tower of Zaragoza which was torn down due to its lean. In 1990, the lean was solved to a degree- ahem, pardon the pun- by removing 42 tons of soil underneath the taller side of the tower. Along with placing counterweights to balance the tower better, further precautions taken have rendered the tower stable for another 300 years.The Leaning Tower of Pisa, currently at 195 feet and 11 inches, or 183 Feet and 3 inches, depending on the side you stand on, has had its fair share of fine moments in history. Galileo Galilei once held a demonstration to prove the law of free fall by dropping two cannonballs of different masses. The tower was also handy as a Nazi observation post in WWII. While the looming fear of the tilt reduced the tower to a grand spectacle and tourist attraction in recent years, <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/holding-up-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa" title="the Leaning Tower of Pisa" rel="dofollow" target="_blank" class="underline border-color-ie" data-id="embedded internal links" data-type="link" data-url="https://interestingengineering.com/science/holding-up-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa">the Leaning Tower of Pisa</a> continues to wrangle to stand straight, a battle it will undeniably lose someday. But until that day, see this iconic tower for yourself and maybe even strike the cliche pose.