Tiny robot changes shape mid-air to cover large distance

These solar-powered small flying devices change shape dynamically while in flight as they spread and descend when dropped from the drones. 

The electromagnetic actuators integrated into these robotic devices facilitate the transformation of their shape, transitioning them from a flat configuration to a creased one.

"Using origami opens up a new design space for microfliers. We combine the Miura-ori fold [origami], which is inspired by geometric patterns found in leaves, with power harvesting and tiny actuators to allow our fliers to mimic the flight of different leaf types in mid-air,” said Vikram Iyer, co-senior author, in an official release from the University of Washington. 

Iyer further explained: “In its unfolded flat state, our origami structure tumbles chaotically in the wind, similar to an elm leaf. But switching to the folded state changes the airflow around it and enables a stable descent, similar to how a maple leaf falls. This highly energy efficient method allows us to have battery-free control over microflier descent, which was not possible before."

The capacity to change their shape enhances these devices' ability to gather critical data during flight. They also feature advanced Bluetooth functionality, enabling them to transmit atmospheric information such as air temperature and pressure quickly.

Outdoor testing of the prototype

Under light breeze conditions, it may easily traverse a distance around the size of a football field.

To showcase the functioning of this newly developed prototype, the team utilized drones to release the microfliers from an altitude of approximately 40 meters above the ground.

During outdoor testing, these microfliers exhibited the capability to travel a distance of up to 98 meters after undergoing dynamic shape changes upon release from drones. Subsequently, they successfully transmitted data to Bluetooth receivers as far as 60 meters away.

“The current microfliers can only transition in one direction — from the tumbling state to the falling state. This switch allows researchers to control the descent of multiple microfliers at the same time, so they disperse in different directions on their way down,” mentioned the release. 

Researchers intend to make future devices transition in both directions, allowing for more precise landings in stormy conditions. The devices will also be equipped with various miniature sensors to collect data on variables such as temperature and humidity. Moreover, the devices could also be used to monitor and collect data on air quality. 

Regarding environmental studies, the recently revealed technology has the potential to be a game-changer in the future. For this purpose, miniature drones equipped with various sensors and instruments are employed for collecting data about the Earth's atmosphere.

In recent years, significant sensor technology advancements and autonomous navigation have made these robots valuable tools for studying and understanding our atmosphere.

The findings were reported in the journal Science Robotics.