A swarm of tiny robots could soon brush and floss your teeth for you

“You have to brush your teeth, then floss your teeth, then rinse your mouth; it’s a manual, multistep process. The big innovation here is that the robotics system can do all three in a single, hands-free, automated way.”

“Nanoparticles can be shaped and controlled with magnetic fields in surprising ways,” added Edward Steager, a senior research investigator in Penn’s School of Engineering and Applied Science and co-corresponding author.

“We form bristles that can extend, sweep, and even transfer back and forth across a space, much like flossing. The way it works is similar to how a robotic arm might reach out and clean a surface. The system can be programmed to do the nanoparticle assembly and motion control automatically.”

Revolutionizing the good old fashioned toothbrush

The team is set to revolutionize the traditional but old-fashioned toothbrush. “The design of the toothbrush has remained relatively unchanged for millennia,” explained Koo.

While adding electric motors elevated the basic “bristle-on-a-stick format,” the fundamental concept has remained the same. “It’s a technology that has not been disrupted in decades.”

The new development consists of microrobots that are iron oxide nanoparticles that have both catalytic and magnetic activity. The team would use a magnetic field to direct their motion and configuration of these nanoparticles to form either bristlelike structures that sweep away dental plaque or elongated strings that can slip between teeth like a length of floss. In both cases, a catalytic reaction drives the nanoparticles to produce antimicrobials that kill harmful oral bacteria on site.

And the researchers say their new invention works for all kinds of teeth. “It doesn’t matter if you have straight teeth or misaligned teeth, it will adapt to different surfaces,” says Koo. “The system can adjust to all the nooks and crannies in the oral cavity.”

The question remains: how comfortable will people be with inserting microrobots in their mouths and is brushing teeth really so troublesome that it requires an upgrade? For these reasons the invention might not be so popular but it will prove useful for those who have physical handicaps that don’t allow them to brush their teeth. For those groups of people the innovation will certainly prove a game changer.